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How have cruise costs decreased?
economies of scale
tax havens
developed countries’ employees
Which ABC show began its 9-season run in 1977?
The Love Boat
What was the “Love Boat?”
MS Pacific Princess
How do mass market operators keep cruise prices low?
vessel & fuel = substantial cost
onboard expenditures = substantial revenue
What is the world’s largest passenger ship?
Icon of the Seas (7600 passenger + 2350 staff)
Who built the world’s largest passenger ship?
Royal Caribbean
What is the world’s largest cruise company?
Carnival
Who is the chief maritime officer of the world’s largest cruise company?
Bill Burke
What is the philosophy of the world’s largest cruise company?
only 1 team for every department
What did the cruise industry use before purpose-built ocean ships?
converted ocean liners made obsolete by jet travel in 1960s
How did Carnival respond to the pandemic as it was financially pushed to the brink?
sold/recycled older/smaller vessels
What was an indirect result of Carnival’s response to the pandemic?
expected to hit IMO greenhouse gas intensity reduction target by 2026
What does IMO stand for?
International Maritime Organization
How is the world’s largest passenger ship going green?
clean liquefied natural gas
coated hull (reducing water friction)
shore power connection
waste treatment
desalination
How do cruise lines get around limits to get into certain places, saving energy & boosting revenue?
leased private islands close to Florida ports
Who flew who on the 1st passenger flight, in May 1908?
Wilbur Wright flew Charles Furnas
Where was the 1st passenger flight?
beach at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (2000 feet)
What was the world’s 1st airline, founded in 1909?
DELAG
From where was the world’s 1st airline?
Germany
Who flew who in the 1st scheduled passenger service flight, in 1914?
Tony Jannus flew St. Petersburg Abram C. Pheil
What caused commercial flights carrying paying passengers to become commonplace, in the 1920s?
purpose-built multi-engine airplane Lawson C-2
How did 1920s aircraft fly, and why did they operate in these ways?
frequently land due to fuel
fly at low altitude due to unpressurized cabin
What were some effects of 1920s aircraft flight?
cold
long
noisy
turbulent
expensive
What did many airlines do to reduce anxiety & tend to airsickness?
hired nurses
What did Qantas operate in 1935?
its 1st international passenger flight (Brisbane, Australia → Singapore → Britain)
What improved aircraft was introduced in 1935?
propeller-driven airliner Douglas DC-3
What caused commercial aviation development to slow during the 1940s?
WWII
What aircraft featured the 1st pressurized cabin?
Boeing 307
Who operated the 1st pressurized cabin aircraft?
Pan Am
What were some effects of pressurized cabins?
higher altitude
higher advertising expenditure
farther destination
What airline was the 1st to fly worldwide?
Pan Am
What were some groundbreaking industry changes by the 1st airline to fly worldwide?
added jet aircraft
utilized computer reservation
What was the 1st supersonic aircraft?
Concorde
What was 1 of the 1st airlines to offer budget flight by adjusting inflight offers?
Laker Airways
Who founded Laker Airways, in 1966?
Freddie Laker
From where was Laker Airways?
Britain
How did Laker Airways offer low fares?
reduced service (e.g. free meal)
How did Laker Airways reduce fuel & engine wear?
reduced thrust take-off
faster climb
What happened to Laker Airways in the 1980s recession?
went bankrupt
What is the world’s largest low-cost carrier?
Southwest Airlines
From where is the world’s largest low-cost carrier?
America
What were some ways airlines retained luxurious service?
first-class
onboard bar
exclusive lounge
What were 2 budget airlines that launched during the 1980s/1990s?
EasyJet
Ryanair
What were 9/11’s effects on air travel?
increased airport/cockpit security
What are the 3 strands in modern resort history?
living by seaside
spa
all-inclusive resort
To whom does seaside living trace?
Romans
What was the 1st German resort on the Baltic?
Heiligendamm, Mecklenburg
What made seaside resorts easily accessible from the city, by the 19th century?
railways
From where does “spa” come?
Romans’ bath complex in Belgium town
What was the most developed Europe country, in the 1930s?
Britain
What did Britain’s Butlin’s have in the 1930s?
holiday camp
What founded the modern all-inclusive resort concept, in 1950?
Club Med, France
What is the holdup problem?
reluctance to enter contract due to uncertainty about whether a party will unfavourably revise
What is the America airport business model?
far-away shops gouge because restaurants are too expensive
What is the Europe airport business model?
nothing costs more than regular price
What does the all-inclusive model promise?
fixed price
*What is cross-subsidization?
offsetting service cost with service revenue
What is 1 reason resorts like all-inclusive deals?
receive lump payment, customer goodwill
What do critics say about Caribbean enclosures?
pander to racist stereotypes about people needing comfort zone without local distraction
Where does majority of resort revenue go?
dividends
flown-in supplies
What is the bubble created by the majority of resort revenue?
North American/European existence in foreign geography
What are some solutions to a colonial vacation model?
localize
build supply chain
What is the Asian gambling center?
Macau
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Flashcard (46)