Trauma and Healing Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on tissues, integument, bone & joints, muscle, neurology, and special senses related to trauma and healing.

Hemostasis

First stage of wound healing, focuses on stopping the bleeding.

Inflammation

Second stage of wound healing, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.

Proliferation

Third stage of wound healing, involves new tissue formation.

Remodeling

Final stage of wound healing, involves collagen reorganization.

Primary Intention

Wound edges are brought together with sutures, leading to faster healing.

Secondary Intention

Open wound heals from the bottom up.

1st-degree Burn

Superficial burn characterized by redness.

2nd-degree Burn

Partial-thickness burn characterized by blisters.

Fracture Reduction

Realigning broken bones, can be closed or open surgery.

Immobilization

Using casts or screws to stabilize bones during healing.

Hematoma

First stage of bone healing, characterized by blood clotting.

Callus

Second stage of bone healing, involves new bone formation.

Remodeling (bone)

Final stage of bone healing, involves bone reorganization.

PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament)

Ligament in the knee that can be torn from the femur hitting the dashboard.

Synovial Joint

Joint where the femur rolls/glides on the tibia.

Neuromuscular Blockers (NMBAs)

Drugs that block ACh receptors at the NMJ, causing paralysis.

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Enzyme released from damaged muscle, used as a marker of muscle injury.

Myoglobin

Protein released from damaged muscle, used as a marker of muscle injury.

Concussion

Temporary brain dysfunction caused by the brain slamming into the skull.

Reticular Formation

Brainstem area involved in regulating consciousness.

Spinal Cord Injury

Damage to the spinal cord leading to ischemia, neuronal death, and inflammation.

Achilles Reflex

Stretch reflex that tests motor function unconsciously.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Branch of the ANS that typically increases blood pressure.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Branch of the ANS that typically decreases blood pressure.

Sympathetic Tone Loss

Can lead to vasodilation and low blood pressure.

Descending Pain Pathway

Brain pathway that blocks pain signals in the spinal cord.

Opiates

Drugs that bind to receptors, causing euphoria and potential addiction.

Retinal Hemorrhage

Bleeding in the retina, often involving vessels in the choroid.

Macula Lutea

Area of the retina with high-density photoreceptors; damage leads to blurred vision.

Adrenaline

Hormone released initially in trauma, triggers fight-or-flight response.

Cortisol

Stress hormone released initially in trauma.

Growth Hormone

Hormone involved in the healing process.

Thyroxine

Hormone involved in the healing process.

Calcitonin

Hormone involved in bone repair.