Civics Extracted highlights- red and orange

Gideon v. Wainwright

6th amendment applies to state courts too

Gross National Product (GNP) 

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a specific time period.

steps for naturlizing as a US citizen

apply to us citizen and immigration service, complete an examination (18+, not bad crimes, live in country for 5 years, speak english) then pass a civics test and take an oath

New Jersey v. TLO 

A landmark case that addressed students' rights to privacy in schools and the standard for searches. The ruling established that schools need reasonable suspicion to conduct searches.

Roles of members of Congress 

responsibilities to constituents, balancing local and national, special interest groups, servant of the people, and party member

Congress’s nonlegislative powers

conduct investigations, gather information to make laws, find out how executive branch enforces laws

Congress’s legislative powers

make laws, taxes, declare war, print money, regulate trade (foreign+ between states), apporve federal budget, impeach, post offices

limits on congress

no ex facto laws, no bill of attainders (convict a person of a crime without trial), no taking away habeas corpus

president’s roles

constitutional: chief executive, commander in chief, legislative leader, head diplomat, and judical powers. tradition: head of state and party leader

powers of the president

nominate supreme court, executive privilege, grant pardons, command armed forces

order of federal courts:

district, circuit courts, supreme court

how many district courts are there, and what do they do?

94 district courts, original jurisdiction about federal laws broken with min 1 per state and max 21 judges per court

how many circuit court of appeals are there

12

governor’s powers

national guard, appoint public officials, budget, legislative leader, vetos, appoint judges, reduce sentences

limits on governor’s power

legislature approves budget, picks judges from a list, item vetos can be overturned, works with people elected from other parties

Missouri Plan

governor appoints judges from a list from a comission of judges lawyers and citizens, then voters say yes or no

what do canidates do when campaigning?

send direct mail, the internet, media (tv), posters/stickers, special interest groups

differences between articles of confederation and constituiton

weak v strong central govt, one house v two house legislature, only legislative v all 3, states able to tax+ coin money v only national govt, no between state trade regulations v controlled by national govt

duties of governor

encompass leading the executive branch of state government, enforcing laws, overseeing the budget, and serving as commander-in-chief of the state's military. signing or vetoing bills, appointing state officials, and issuing executive orders.