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Hobbes Dates
1588-1679
Hobbes book and publish year
Leviathan- 1651
what event from his upbringing influenced his political philosophy
English Civil War
what are the relationships that govern human nature characterized by?
“a perpetual and restless desire for power after power that only ceaseth in death”
what five words describe that state of nature
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, short
what is the essence of the Hobbesian argument
all forms of social order are preferable to an absence of social order
what type of state does Hobbes advocate for
authoritarian
what role do the people have to the Levithan
they provide the authority consensually and can reclaim it in exceptional circumstances
Hobbes’ definition of social contract
a contract to be ruled by an authoritatrian leader in order to avoid anarchy that can be broken only in exceptional circumstances
role of the state
to protect citizens and rule authoritarianly in order to avoid anarchy
view of human nature
negative- self interested, although rational
dates
1632-1704
views on human nature
we are rational entities
how is liberty best protected
via govern
role of the state
to uphold basic liberties and protects us from the threat of foreign invasion and social disorder
dates
1712-1778
view of the state of nature
idyllic scenario that allowed for a satisfying and fulfilling life
view of the “noble savage”
head reached the highest stage of human development- progressed from brutish animals but had uncorrupted morals
what does a social contract do to freedom
moves it from the pursuit of individual interest to the obeying of the general will
definition of social contract
acting not just for ones own interest but for the general will and the interest of all
what is the role of the state
to implement the general will
higher and lower selves
higher self is generally decent and is what keeps us obedient to the general will
the effect of the general will on liberty
gw enhances liberty (negative liberty- freedom from ___)
what should be done to those who don’t obey the general will
they should be forced- “forced to be free”
what type of government does his philosophy imply
totalitarian
why should individuals obey the state
because the social contract benefits them
why is Rousseau not a fascist
he rejects the fascist wish the exclude those classed as undesirables- EVERYONE must obey the general will
views on property rights
the fruits of the Earth belong to us all and the Earth belongs to nobody
view on human nature
positive
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