Pediatric MSK

What are signs of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may present with symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly in the morning. Other signs can include fever, rash, fatigue, and decreased physical activity.

What’s the first line treatment for JIA?

The first line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) typically includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.

What is patellofemoral pain syndrome?

A common cause of knee pain in adolescents and young adults, characterized by pain in the front of the knee, often exacerbated by activities such as climbing stairs or prolonged sitting.

What are signs of SCFE?

Signs of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) include hip or knee pain, limited range of motion, and a limp. Patients may also exhibit out-toeing of the affected leg.

What is treatment for SCFE?

Treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) typically involves surgical intervention to stabilize the femoral head, often through the use of screws or pins.

What is oligoarticular JIA?

Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis affecting children, characterized by inflammation in four or fewer joints, typically within the first six months of onset. It often presents with joint pain and swelling, primarily in the knees or ankles

What are other symptoms of oligoarticular JIA?

Uveitis and iridocyclitis

What is polyarticular JIA?

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis in children characterized by inflammation in five or more joints, which can occur in the first six months of onset. It often leads to significant pain and swelling, affecting joints such as the hands, wrists, and knees.

What are other symptoms of polyarticular JIA?

Symptoms may include uveitis, fatigue, anemia, fever and decreased range of motion.

What are signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease include knee pain, swelling at the tibial tuberosity, and tenderness that worsens with activity and improves with rest.

What are signs of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

Signs of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease include hip pain, limping, reduced range of motion, and weakness in the affected leg.

What should be done for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

NSAIDs and consider surgery if older than 8 y/o due to osteonecrosis of femoral head

What often precedes transient synovitis?

A viral infection or recent illness.

Which joints are affected by transient synovitis?

Typically the hip joints.

What does TEN 4 FACES stand for?

A mnemonic used to help identify potential cases of child abuse, specifically: T - torso, E - ears, N - neck; 4 - under 4 years old; F - freckled areas/frenulum, A - anterior/auricular, C - cranial/cheek, E - extremities/eyelid, S - scapula/sclera.

If there are any injuries in the TEN 4 FACES areas, what must be done?

A child should be evaluated for potential abuse and appropriate intervention should be initiated.

If you notice a bucket handle fracture, what must be done?

The child must be evaluated for potential abuse, as this type of fracture is highly indicative of non-accidental trauma.