Respiratory System 1

what cells are in nasal cavity

epithelial cells that contain cilia

what are nasal conchae

three bony projections, superior, middle, and inferior

what are inferior conchae

separate bones

what portions of the bone are middle and superior conchae apart of

ethmoid bone

what is the purpose of nasal cavity

increase surface area of nasal cavity

where does air exit

through nasal cavity via internal nares and moves into pharynx

which conchae is there a hole in

under middle conchae, a hole that enters sinus

what do sinuses do

keeps skull lightweight

what are conchae, meatuses, and paranasal sinuses composed of

respiratory epithelium

what is respiratory epithelium made of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

what is in between pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

goblet cells

what are goblet cells

specialized columnar cells that produce mucus to trap debris

what happens when goblet cells are squeezed

more mucus is produced

what happens when goblet cells are irritated

irritating these glands caused mucus buildup, causes infection

what do the cilia of respiratory epithelium do

help move mucus and debris from nasal cavity with constant beating motion, which sweeps the materials towards the throat

what is the pharynx

tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucus membranes

sections of pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

what is nasopharynx purpose

flanked by conchae of nasal cavity, serves ONLY as airway

which tonsils are located at the top of nasopharynx

pharyngeal tonsils

what are tonsils called

adenoids

what opens into the middle ear cavity

auditory eustachian tubes connect to each middle ear cavity, opens into the nasopharynx

what is oropharynx

passageway for air and food

where is the epiglottis located

oropharynx

what is epiglottis

piece of hyaline cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea and directs food and water into esophagus

where is epiglottis attached

thyroid cartilage

which side is esophagus located on

posterior side

flex neck

to send food into esophagus, leads to stomach

extend neck

send air into trachea, leads to lungs

what does the laryngopharynx do

continues the route for swallowed water, food, and air until its inferior end, where the digestive and respiratory systems split

what is laryngopharynx composed of

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium cells that are not ciliated

where does laryngopharynx open into

the larynx

what is the beginning of the lower respiratory tract

larynx

what is larynx

cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea

what does larynx do

helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs

what is the larynx composed of

three large pieces of cartilage

which one is the largest piece of cartilage

thyroid

what does the thyroid cartilage consist of

laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)

is cricoid cartilage thick or thin

thick

what is special about the cricoid cartilage

only cartilage that forms a complete ring

what is arytenoid cartilage made of

dense fibrous connective tissue attached to cartilage, which makes true vocal cord

what is special about arytenoid cartilage

it is the only cartilage found in pair

what is the rima glottis

the opening in between vocal cords in the larynx

what role does the rima glottis play

in sound production and air regulation

what happens in true vocal cords

cells change to stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

what happens when sudden transitions occur

causes humans to be extremely vulnerable to cancer

where else do these vulnerable shifts occur

LES and cervix

where is trachea

extends from larynx toward the lungs

why are there ridges on outside of trachea

there is a piece of cartilage on inside

what are the branches of trachea called

left primary bronchus and right primary bronchus

what is bifurcation

splitting of trachea into left and right sides

what is the bifurcation of trachea called

carina

which primary bronchus is bigger and wider

right primary bronchus, left has to compensate for the heart

what is the pathway that air follows

nose, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, left primary bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

from what sites is gas exchange not occurring

from nose up until terminal bronchioles

from what sites is gas exchange occurring

from respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

what happens if you increase the levels of oxygen

gas exchange begins

why do they keep getting smaller

so we can have more surface area