GEN BIO 1 | Cell Types and Endosymbiotic Theory

Cell Parts that Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Share

cytoplasm, DNA, Ribosomes, cell membrane

Prokaryotes

it has no definite nucleus and smaller than eukaryotes. It has less complex internal structures with no nuclear membrane nor membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

It has a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, is bigger and more complex, and it is compartmentalized, allowing for specialization

Carl Woese’s 3 Domains of Life

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Bacteria

simple unicellular organisms

Archaea

simple unicellular organisms that are often in extreme environments

Eukarya (Kingdoms)

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Protista

complex unicellular organisms

Fungi

unicellular or multicellular organisms that absorbs food

Plantae

multicellular organisms that make their own food

Animalia

multicellular organisms that take in their own food

Endosymbiotic Theory

Some eukaryotic cell organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from free living prokaryotes

Size Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a similar structure and size to bacteria.

Double Membrane Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane.

DNA Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a limited amount of genetic material and divide by splitting.

Proteins and Ribosome Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own ribosomes, which resemble those of prokaryotes, and produce some proteins