Advanced OB exam 2

what percentage of first trimester bleeding results in spontaneous miscarry

15%

a threatened abortion (bleeding with a viable embryo) occurs at/below what age?

20 weeks

what is the percentage of fetal loss with a placental hematoma?

50%

will there be bleeding with a placental hematoma?

no

what causes a placental hematoma?

when the embryonic placenta, or frondosum, becomes detached

what is the most common cause of bleeding in the 1st trimester?

subchorionic hemorrhage

where is the bleed found in subchorinic bleeds?

between the myometrium margins of gestational sac

the MSD = 5 mm at what age?

4-5 weeks

sac grows how much per day in 1st trimester?

1 mm

at what size can the yolk sac be seen transvaginally?

at 8 mm

at what MSD size can the embryo be seen?

at 16 mm

a normal embryo grows blank per day

1 mm per day

what weeks is cardiac activity visible by?

5.5-6.5 weeks

in an incomplete endometrium how thick will the endometrium be?

greater than 8

what is a proliferative disease of trophoblast after normal conception?

gestational trophoblastic disease

what is the clinical hallmark of GTD?

vaginal bleeding

what will hcg levels be at with GTD

dramtically elevated > 100000

symptoms of GTD

hyperemesis or preeclampsia

GTD affects how many people

1 out of every 1000

what type of pregnancy is a normal egg fertilized by 2 sperm; fetal parts may develop concurrently with abnormal trophpblastic tissue

partial molar pregnancy

which type of pregnancy is an egg without a nucleus fertiilzed by 1 sperm?; fetal parts never develop

complete molar pregnancy

what is the sonographic sign of GTD?

snowstorm or grapelike cluster

patients with GTD will also have what?

ovarian enlargement with theca lutein cysts

choriocarcinoma occurs in what percentage of molar pregnancies?

2-3%

choriocarcinoma is a fast growing tumor that spread to where

lungs, liver and brain

what symptoms will pts with choriocarcinoma have

bleeding, dyspnea, abd pain and neurologic symptoms

when the CRL is blank, cardiac activity should be seen

4 mm

a pregnancy is considered a failure when the CRL is = blank

7 mm

bradycardia is less than blank beat per minute

tachycardia?

90

170

blank has been associated with growth restriction and oligohydramnios

chromosomal abnormalities (triploidy)

if the gest sac is less than the CRl by blank, oligo is suspected and demise probable

5 mm

the yolk sac grows how much per day?

0.3mm

enlarged yolk sac can lead to

SPL

the amnion is best visualized between what weeks

5th and 7th

ectopic pregnancies account for what percentage of materal deaths

10%

what percentage of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes?

95%

where is the most dangerous site for an ectopic?

at the cornua

1st IRP has hcg quantities blank those of 2IS

double

a pseudogestational sac is seen is what percentage of extopics

20%

a combo of blank and blank is common sono corelation for ectopics

adnexal masse and free pelvic fluid

cornual pregnancy AKA

interstitial pregnancy

cervical pregnancies occurs 1 in every blank

16000

ovairan ectopics account for what percentage of ectopics?

3%

nuchal translucency should be less than blank at 11-14 weeks

3mm. greater than 3mm indicates abnormal

NT will be thickened in cases of what

trisomy 21, 18 and 13 and babies with cardiac defects

4CH seen at how many weeks

12 weeks

baby head identified by how many weeks

7 weeks

the rhombencephalon can be seen between what weeks

6-8

what disease results from brain necrosis resulting from occlusion of the ICA

hydranencephaly

the “micky mouse” head is associated with that diease

Acrainia

what disease has a frog appearance

anencephaly

what disease do you see a herniation of the brain and meninges?

ceohalocele

what disease is a retroflexion of the spine involving the foramen magnum

Iniencephaly

what type of holoprosencephaly is the most serious?

Alobar

what disease is a cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle seen around the 6th to 7th week?

dandy walker

appearance of dandy walker

large posterior fossa, absent cerebellum, dilated lateral and 4th ventricle

what disease is the lemon and banana sign associated with?

spina bifida

gastroschisis is commonly on what side of the umbilical cord

right

normal gastroschisis occurs between what weeks

8-12 weeks

what is one of the most common abnormalities of the 1st trimester?

cystic hygroma

cystic hygroma is a what

lymph filled fluid collection or soft tissue thickening on the posterior neck or uppe thorax

if cystic hygroma is seen in the 2nd/3rd trimester, what diease is suspected?

Turners

umbilial cor cysts range from blank to blank

2.0-7.5 mm

somemthing about contractions vs fibroids