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Parenting Styles
Patterns of parenting behaviors across various situations.
Parental Support
Warmth, closeness, and affection given to a child.
Parental Control
Flexibility in enforcing rules and discipline.
Parental Autonomy Granting
Allowing child to make decisions and express opinions.
Authoritarian Parenting
Low warmth, high coercive control, rigid rules.
Children of Authoritarian Parents
Anxious, unhappy, low self-esteem, hostile reactions.
Permissive Parenting
Warm but uninvolved, little control over behavior.
Children of Permissive Parents
Impulsive, disobedient, lower school achievement.
Uninvolved Parenting
Low warmth and control, emotionally detached.
Children of Uninvolved Parents
Poor emotional regulation, school difficulties, antisocial behavior.
Authoritative Parenting
High acceptance, firm control, gradual autonomy granting.
Children of Authoritative Parents
Positive mood, self-control, high self-esteem, good performance.
Moral Development
Maturation of sense of justice and behavior.
Prosocial Behavior
Helping behavior that benefits others.
Empathy
Ability to understand and respond to others' feelings.
Aggression
Intentional harm or injury to another person.
Instrumental Aggression
Aggression motivated by obtaining a concrete goal.
Relational Aggression
Nonphysical aggression intended to hurt feelings.
Emotional Self-Regulation
Adjusting emotions to desired state and intensity.
Cognitive Approach
Examines interpretation of others' behavior in children.
Reactive Aggression
Assuming hostile intent where none exists.
Proactive Aggression
Believing aggression has more benefits than costs.
Social Learning
Behavior learned through reinforcement and observation.
Decline in Aggression
Improved emotional control as children age.
Cultural Variation in Parenting
Parenting styles may differ significantly by culture.
Baumrind's Parenting Research
Identified key aspects of parenting styles in 1971.
