Understanding Parenting Styles and Child Development

Parenting Styles

Patterns of parenting behaviors across various situations.

Parental Support

Warmth, closeness, and affection given to a child.

Parental Control

Flexibility in enforcing rules and discipline.

Parental Autonomy Granting

Allowing child to make decisions and express opinions.

Authoritarian Parenting

Low warmth, high coercive control, rigid rules.

Children of Authoritarian Parents

Anxious, unhappy, low self-esteem, hostile reactions.

Permissive Parenting

Warm but uninvolved, little control over behavior.

Children of Permissive Parents

Impulsive, disobedient, lower school achievement.

Uninvolved Parenting

Low warmth and control, emotionally detached.

Children of Uninvolved Parents

Poor emotional regulation, school difficulties, antisocial behavior.

Authoritative Parenting

High acceptance, firm control, gradual autonomy granting.

Children of Authoritative Parents

Positive mood, self-control, high self-esteem, good performance.

Moral Development

Maturation of sense of justice and behavior.

Prosocial Behavior

Helping behavior that benefits others.

Empathy

Ability to understand and respond to others' feelings.

Aggression

Intentional harm or injury to another person.

Instrumental Aggression

Aggression motivated by obtaining a concrete goal.

Relational Aggression

Nonphysical aggression intended to hurt feelings.

Emotional Self-Regulation

Adjusting emotions to desired state and intensity.

Cognitive Approach

Examines interpretation of others' behavior in children.

Reactive Aggression

Assuming hostile intent where none exists.

Proactive Aggression

Believing aggression has more benefits than costs.

Social Learning

Behavior learned through reinforcement and observation.

Decline in Aggression

Improved emotional control as children age.

Cultural Variation in Parenting

Parenting styles may differ significantly by culture.

Baumrind's Parenting Research

Identified key aspects of parenting styles in 1971.