3264 Hormones

Growth Hormone (GH):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: protein

Effect: promotes growth of body tissues

Prolactin (PRL):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: peptide

Effect: promotes milk production

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (PSH):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: glycoprotein

Effect: stimulated thyroid hormone release

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: peptide

Effect: stimulates hormone release by adrenal cortex

Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (FSH):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: glycoprotein

Effect: stimulates gamete production

Luteinizing Hormone (LH):

Gland: anterior pituitary

Class: glycoprotein

Effect: stimulates androgen production by gonads

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):

Gland: posterior pituitary

Class: peptide

Effect: stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys

Oxytocin:

Gland: posterior pituitary

Class: peptide

Effect: stimulates uterine contractions, milk let down

Thyroxine (T4):

Gland: thyroid

Class: amine

Effect: stimulate basal metabolic rate

Triiodothyronine (T3):

Gland: thyroid

Class: amine

Effect: stimulate basal metabolic rate, active form of the hormone

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH):

Gland: parathyroid

Class: peptide

Effect: increases blood calcium levels

Calcitonin:

Gland: thyroid

Class: peptide

Effect: reduced blood calcium levels

Aldosterone:

Gland: adrenal cortex

Class: steroid

Effect: increase blood sodium levels

Cortisol:

Gland: adrenal cortex

Class: steroid

Effect: increase blood glucose levels, stress hormone

Epinephrine:

Gland: adrenal medulla

Class: amine

Effect: fight or flight response

Melatonin:

Gland: pineal gland

Class: amine

Effect: regulates sleep cycles

Insulin:

Gland: pancreatic beta cells

Class: protein

Effect: reduces blood glucose levels

Glucagon:

Gland: pancreatic alpha cells

Class: protein

Effect: increases blood glucose levels

Testosterone:

Gland: testes

Class: steroid

Effect: male secondary sex characteristics, sperm production

Estrogen:

Gland: ovaries

Class: steroid

Effect: female secondary sex characteristics, preparation for birth

Inhibin:

Gland: testes + ovaries

Class: protein

Effect: inhibits FSH release from pituitary, prevents follicular growth

Somatostatin:

Gland: pancreatic delta cells

Class: protein

Effect: inhibits insulin and glucagon release, restricts gastric secretions, gastric motility, and emptying, restricts pancreatic secretions, reduced intestinal absorption by reducing blood flow

Pancreatic Polypeptide:

Gland: pancreatic PP cells

Class: protein

Effect: role in appetite

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP):

Gland: heart

Class: peptide

Effect: reduces blood volume, blood pressure, and sodium concentration

Renin:

Gland: kidneys

Class: protease

Effect: stimulates release of aldosterone to lower blood sodium levels

Calcitrol:

Gland: kidneys

Class: active form of vitamin D

Effect: aids in absorption of calcium

Erythropoietin:

Gland: kidneys

Class: glycoprotein

Effect: triggers formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Leptin:

Gland: adipose tissue

Class: peptide

Effect: promote satiety signals in the brain

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1):

Gland: liver

Class: peptide

Effect: stimulates bodily growth

Angiotensinogen:

Gland: liver

Class: protein hormone precursor

Effect: raises blood pressure when cleaved to active form

Gastrin:

Gland: G cells of stomach mucosa

Class: peptide

Effect: increases secretion by gastric glands of the stomach, promotes gastric emptying, promotes intestinal muscle contraction, relaxes the ileocecal valve, trigger mass movements in LI

Ghrelin:

Gland: stomach mucosa glands

Class: peptide

Effect: regulates food intake, stimulated hunger or satiety

Histamine:

Gland: stomach mucosa

Class: amine

Effect: stimulates parietal cells to release HCl

Serotonin:

Gland: stomach mucosa

Class: amine

Effect: contracts stomach muscles

Glucocorticoids:

Gland: adrenal cortex

Class: steroid

Effect: glucose metabolism, chronic stress response, anti-inflammatory

Mineralocorticoids:

Gland: adrenal cortex

Class: steroid

Effect: regulate mineral concentrations in the body, aldosterone is an example

GHRH:

Gland: hypothalamus

Class: peptide

Effect: acts on anterior pituitary to stimulate release of growth hormonw

Dopamine:

Gland: hypothalamus

Class: amine

Effect: motor control, reward behavior, increased attention, euphoria

CRH:

Gland: hypothalamus

Class: peptide

Effect: stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH

Incretins:

gut-derived hormones that stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, released in response to nutrient ingestion (glucose + fat)

include GIP and GLP-1

GLP-1:

glucose dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, increased satiety signals, natriuresis + diuresis

GIP:

gastric inhibitory peptide

glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, suppresses gastric motility and acid secretion