Exam 2 Study Guide on Panic, Anxiety, Obsessions, Mood Disorders, and Eating Disorders

70 flashcards focused on vocabulary and core concepts from the exam study guide covering Panic, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, Mood Disorders, and Eating Disorders.

Panic Attack

Occurs when fear arises in the absence of real danger.

Adaptation of Anxiety

Enhances learning and performance when mild; prepares individuals to manage future threats.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Core Feature)

Fear of negative evaluation in social situations.

Panic Circle Steps

Perceived threat → apprehension or worry → bodily sensations → interpretation of sensations as catastrophic.

SSRIs

Preferred medication for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) due to fewer side effects.

Benzodiazepines

Short-term relief for anxiety that comes with dependency risks.

Buspirone

Non-addictive alternative medication for anxiety.

Panic Disorder Symptoms

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with symptoms like rapid heartbeat and dizziness.

Core Feature of GAD

Chronic, excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Symptoms of GAD

Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension.

Specific Phobia

Excessive fear of a specific object or situation.

Agoraphobia

Fear and avoidance of situations where escape may be difficult.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Characterized by persistent obsessions and/or compulsions.

Obsessions in OCD

Distressing intrusive thoughts.

Compulsions in OCD

Repetitive behaviors performed to alleviate distress.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with perceived physical defects.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions leading to significant distress.

Trichotillomania

Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair resulting in hair loss.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Presence of a major depressive episode without history of manic episodes.

Manic Episode

Abnormally elevated mood lasting at least 1 week.

Hypomanic Episode

Similar symptoms to mania but less severe and lasting at least 4 days.

Melancholic Features of MDD

Early morning awakening, depression worse in the morning.

Psychotic Features of MDD

Presence of delusions or hallucinations.

Atypical Features of MDD

Mood reactivity and specific symptoms like weight gain.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Depressed mood lasting most days for at least 2 years.

Differences in Gender Prevalence (MDD vs. Bipolar)

Women more likely to experience MDD; no significant difference in Bipolar.

Independent Life Events

Events like natural disasters that a person has no control over.

Dependent Life Events

Events like losing a job due to personal behavior.

Cybernetic Theory of Psychopathology

Focuses on feedback loops affecting mental health.

Diagnostic Criteria for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessions/compulsions cause significant distress and are time-consuming.

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Panic Disorder

Cognitive restructuring and exposure to feared sensations.

Suicide Risk Factors

History of psychiatric disorders, access to means, and talk about suicide.

Depersonalization Disorder

Feeling detached from oneself, like an outsider looking in.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important autobiographical information.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Presence of 2 or more distinct personality states.

Factitious Disorder

Deliberately producing or feigning symptoms to assume a patient role.

Normal vs Pathological Dissociation

Normal is daydreaming; pathological disrupts experience and self.

Anorexia Nervosa

Fear of gaining weight, with distortion in body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors.

Binge Eating Disorder

Binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

Serotonergic Disruption

Irregularities in serotonin may relate to eating disorders.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Eating Disorders

Used to challenge and change unhelpful thoughts about food.

Maudsley Model

Family-based treatment for adolescents with Anorexia.

Physical Effects of Anorexia Nervosa

Includes brittle hair, cold intolerance, electrolyte imbalance.

Compensatory Behaviors in Bulimia

Actions like purging to compensate for binge eating.

Intervention in Eating Disorders

Combination of nutritional education and regularizing eating.

Self-Harming Behavior

Actions that physically harm oneself, often linked to emotional distress.

Neurobiological Influence on Disorders

Conditions like anxiety and depression linked to brain function abnormalities.

Therapeutic Intervention for Anxiety

Often includes CBT, mindfulness, and exposure therapies.

Chronic Nature of Mood Disorders

Long-lasting impacts on emotional stability and functioning.

Debunking Myths of Eating Disorders

Addressing misconceptions about who can be affected and under what conditions.

Collaboration in Eating Disorder Treatment

Involving healthcare professionals and families for holistic care.

Impact of Media on Body Image

Heightened societal pressures from media ideals affecting self-perception.

Support Systems in Recovery

Importance of social support in managing and recovering from disorders.

Cultural Perspectives on Eating Disorders

Variation in prevalence and presentation across cultural contexts.

Diagnosis of Mood Disorders

Involves assessing time periods of mood changes and symptoms.

Primary Treatment for MDD

Typically involves medication and psychotherapy.

Functional Neurological Disorder

Neurological symptoms inconsistent with a medical cause.

Regular Exercise and Anxiety Management

Physical activity can reduce anxiety symptoms effectively.

Attention to Mental Health in Adolescents

Preventative measures and education can reduce complex behaviors.

Mindfulness Approaches in CBT

Technique to cope with stress and anxiety by focusing on the present.

Understanding Familial Patterns in Mental Disorders

Recognizing genetic and environmental influences on mental health.