WW1 Flashcards

Flashcards about WW1.

Ethnocentric Practices

Practices rooted in the belief that one's own race or group is superior.

Asiatic Exclusion League (AEL)

Formed in 1905 by union leaders in San Francisco and Vancouver to prevent Asians from immigrating to Canada or the US.

Chinese Head Tax

A fee imposed on Chinese immigrants entering Canada, introduced after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Continuous Passage Act (1908)

Required immigrants to come to Canada by a non-stop route, restricting immigration from countries like India.

Komagata Maru Incident (1914)

Passengers on the Komagata Maru, a steamer carrying Sikh immigrants from Hong Kong, were refused entry into Canada.

Residential Schools

Schools established in Canada to assimilate Aboriginal children by forcing them to forget their culture and adopt a European way of life.

The Indian Act (1876)

Act created to regulate the lives of the First Nations of Canada, imposing residential schools, reserves, and restricted practices.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means. Race for Africa: Africa was very rich in gold, diamonds and land, causing European empires to compete for the same territory as well

Militarism

The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. An example of this was the naval arms race between Germany and Britain.

Triple Alliance

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Italy later joined the Triple Entente.

Triple Entente

Alliance between France, Britain, and Russia.

The Black Hand

A Serbian nationalist group that assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, triggering World War I.

War Measures Act (1914)

Gave the Canadian government broad powers during World War I, including the authority to do anything necessary for the security and defense of Canada.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's strategy for a two-front war: defeat France quickly in the west, then turn to fight Russia in the east. Assumed Russia would take time to mobilize and assumed Britain would remain neutral.

War of Attrition

Military strategy of repeatedly attacking the enemy until they are too exhausted to continue, resulting in a stalemate.

Second Battle of Ypres (April 1915)

Early battle where Germans used chlorine gas; first major Canadian engagement in WWI.

Battle of the Somme (July 1916)

Allied offensive near the Somme River in France; significant bloodbath with heavy losses on both sides.

Battle of Vimy Ridge (1917)

Canadians successfully captured Vimy Ridge through careful planning; considered a defining moment for Canadian identity.

Creeping Barrage

Artillery tactic used at Vimy Ridge to provide cover for advancing soldiers, with shells creeping forward every three minutes.

Battle of Passchendaele (1917)

Canadians captured Passchendaele under Arthur Currie; costly victory in muddy terrain.

Victory Bonds

Bonds sold to Canadians to raise money for the war effort.

Honour Rationing

Voluntary reduction of consumption of certain goods (butter, sugar) to prevent shortages.

Military Service Act

Introduced conscription in Canada.

Khaki Election (1917)

Canadian federal election influenced by pro-conscription efforts; Borden won.

Armistice

A truce to end the war

Treaty of Versailles

Laid out the peace terms between germany and the Allies.

Chinese exclusion act (1923)

 An act that tried to stop Chinese immigration altogether.

"Over the top"

Soldiers had to leave their trenches to go fight on no man's land.