History Chapter 25

New Immigrants

Italians, Jews, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, and Poles; Came from countries with little history of democratic government; Hived in “Little ___”

Settlement Houses

A place for immigrants to stay and learn the customs after they move to the US

Liberal Protestants

Helped Protestants reconcile religious faith with modern, cosmopolitan ways of thinking; Rejected biblical literalism; stressed ethical teachings of Bible; Allied with reform-oriented “social gospel” movement and urban revivalists

Tuskegee Institute

black normal and industrial school; Self-help approach to solving nation's racial problems labeled “accommodationist”

Land-Grat Colleges

institution that has been designated by its state legislature or Congress to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 (Granted public lands to states for support of education)

Pragmatism

Author: William James (1842-1910); 35-year Harvard faculty; pronounced that the truth of an idea was to be tested by its practical consequences; made America's greatest contribution to the history of philosophy—concept of pragmatism (ones that will work in practice, as opposed to being ideal in theory)

Yellow Journalism

a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts; Use of colored comic supplements featuring “Yellow Kid” gave name yellow journalism to his lurid sheets

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Founders/Militant Suffragists: Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony; Catt stressed desirability of giving women the vote to continue their traditional duties; Women increasingly permitted to vote in local elections, particularly on school issues

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

White ribbon its symbol of purity; Saintly Frances E. Willard—its leading spirit; Less saintly was “Kansas Cyclone” Carrie A. Nation (Her “hatchetations” brought disrepute to prohibition movement because of violence of her one-woman crusade)

Realism

writers found subjects in world around them; William Dean Howells (Father of American realism.

Naturalism

applied scientific objectivity to study of human beings—or “human beasts” (Placed lower-class, marginal characters in extreme or sordid environments, including urban jungle. Subjected them to cruel operations of brute instinct, degenerate heredity, and pessimistic determinism)

Regionalism

Their works demystified regional differences, esp. among national audiences bent on postwar reunification

City Beautiful Movement

Proponents wanted city to not only look beautiful but to convey sense of harmony, order, monumentality

World’s Columbian Exposition

Daniel Burnham's first major project to symbolize City Beautiful movement; Chicago exposition did much to raise American artistic standards and promote city planning

Jade Addams

Settlement home -> Hull House; Helped immigrants get used to America; condemned poverty and war

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection

Booker T. Washington

Championed black education, self proclaimed accommodationist(someone who seeks a compromise with an opposing view.)

W.E.B. Du Bois

Demanded equality, argued for talented teeth of black community to be given full access to american life

Joseph Pulitzer

He created yellow journalism, owner of St. Louis Post Dispatch, and New york world

William Randolph Hearst

Built powerful chain of newspapers in 1887

John Dewey

A Philosopher

Carrie Chapman Catt

pragmatic reformer, deemphasized argument that women deserved vote as a matter of right because they were equals of men

Horatio Alger

Puritan author wrote survival of the purest storiePuritan author wrote survival of the purest stories

Mark Twain

The Author who came up with the gilded age

Henry James

wrote The Bostonians

Winslow Homer

American artist that was known for sea paintings

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

Gifted sculptor, commissioned to sculpt the civil war

Frederick Law Olmsted

An architect, sought to foster virtue and egalitarian(equality) values