APWH Unit 4 Vocab

administration

the act of directing or managing; management, supervision

biological

of or pertaining to the growth, development, and functioning of living things

bureaucrat

an official in a government office, especially one who follows rules and routines rather than personal judgment; official, politician, civil servant

capital

money or other wealth owned or used by a business; finances, funds

capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and prices are chiefly determined by open competition in a free market; commercialism, competition, free market

cash crop

a crop grown for sale to others rather than for personal use

chattel slavery

the ownership of a person as property or chattel

coerce

to intimidate or force a person usually by fear of violence; to force, comply, or bully

colonization

the act or process of forming colonies (territories governed by a distant country, often occupied by a number of citizens of that country)

commodity

a raw material that can be bought and sold (usually of high demand)

demographic

of or relating to the study of human populations, involving statistical analysis of size, distribution, density, migration, fertility, and the like

economic

of or pertaining to the production and distribution of goods, wealth, and services; fiscal, commercial

enslaved

to cause to be a slave or to be in a condition of bondage; subjugated

exploitation

the selfish or unfair using of someone or something for one’s own advantage

export

to send or transport abroad, usually for sale or trade; ship, transport, sell overseas

finance

the management of money or other assets; banking, business

free market

an economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses; capitalism, laissez-faire

indentured servant

a person who is bound to work without pay in the service of another for a specified length of time, especially in exchange for the cost of travel, food, and lodging

labor

the entire body of workers, especially as distinguished from management; work force

mercantilism

idea that a nation’s economy could be strengthened by governmental protection of home industries, by increased foreign exports, and by accumulating gold and silver

missionary

a person desiring to convert others to a principle or set of beliefs; converter, propagandist

monopoly

complete control over a service or commodity within a given market, so that competition is eliminated

plantation

a large estate used for cultivating commercial crops such as rubber, tea, cotton, sugar, or coffee

plantation system

a capitalist economic system dependent on enslaved labor

resistance

the act of refusing to comply with something