Ch.7 Study Guide Week 1 - Histology and Embryology

Define histology

the study of the microscopic structure and function of cells and the associated tissue

The smallest living unit of organization in the body

the cell

Cells with similar characteristics of form and function group together to form

tissue

Various tissue types that are bonded together to form a specific function is an

organ

Organs functioning together globally is a

system

Active transport of a material out into the extracellular environment is called

exocytosis

Uptake of materials from the extracellular environment into the cell is called

endocytosis

The engulfing and digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell is

phagocytosis

The cell membrane consists mostly of

phospholipids and proteins

The semifluid part contained within the cell membrane is the

cytoplasm

The main nucleic acid in the nucleoplasm is DNA in the form of a

chromatin

Chromatids appear when the centromeres split during what phase

anaphase

The most numerous organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell is the

mitochondria

The organelles that function as "protein factories" are the

ribosomes

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes

The organelle that acts as a "distribution center" and includes mucous secretory product for the salivary glands is the

golgi complex

The organelle that acts as the "sewer system" of the cell are the

lysosomes

Without centrosomes a cell from the body cannot

reproduce

The 3 dimensional system of support using cellular scaffolding is the

cytoskeleton

Cells spend most of their time in what phase

interphase

the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and migrates to opposite poles of the cell

prophase

The stage of mitosis where centromeres are aligned in the equatorial plate and the spindle forms

metaphase

The stage of mitosis when centromeres split and each chromosome separates into 2 chromatids is

anaphase

The stage when the cell divides into 2 daughter cells is

telophase

The name of the intercellular junction between cells seen in superficial layers of the oral mucosa is a

desmosome

The name of the mechanism allowing gingival tissue to be secured to the tooth surface by epithelial attachment is a

hemidesmosome