Exam 4

Which type of sense has receptors found distributed at throughout your body?

A. Visceral senses

B. Special senses

C. Photoreceptors

D. General senses

D. General senses

Which of the following receptors allow you to discriminate between two points?

A. Meissner Corpuscles

B. Pacinian Corpuscles

C. Merkel Disks

D. Nociceptors

A. Meissner Corpuscles

The-post central sulcus gyrus is the location of which of the following areas?

A. Primary somatic sensory cortex

B. Primary Motor Cortex

C. Reticular activating system

D. Wernicke Area

A. Primary somatic sensory cortex

Receptors that are stimulated by pain are known as what kind of receptors?

A. Photoreceptors

B. Mechanoreceptors

C. Nociceptors

D. Chemoreceptors

C. Nociceptors

Which of the following memories is responsible for development of skills such as tying your shoe and involved cerebellum and premotor area?

A. Short term memory

B. Procedural memory

C. Working memory

D. Declarative memory

B. Procedural memory

Which of the following represents a scenario where mechanoreceptors are activated?

A. You walk into a room and smell popcorn

B. You are sitting at a stoplight and you see it turn green

C. You are eating hot Cheetos and your mouth feels like its on fire

D. You are able to hear the sound of the clock ticking

D. You are able to hear the sound of the clock ticking

Taste receptors are stimulated when molecules bind to them. What type of receptor is this?

A. Photoreceptors

B. Mechanoreceptors

C. Nociceptors

D. Chemoreceptors

D. Chemoreceptors

The accepted theory that visceral sensory fibers travel and/or enter the spinal at the same location as somatic sensory fibers is used to explain what?

A. Visceral pain

B. Nociceptors

C. External pain

D. Referred pain

D. Referred pain

Which lobe allows you to be able to interpret the sounds you hear everyday?

A. Frontal

B. Insula

C. Temporal

D. Occipital

C. Temporal

The process of moving information from short term memory to long term memory involves which of the following?

A. Strengthening synaptic connections

B. Making new synaptic connections

C. Adaptation

D. Only neurons that are myelinated

A. Strengthening synaptic connections

Sensory and motor impulses must travel to and from the CNS. Which of the following carry sensory information?

A. Ascending

B. Descending

C. Both ascending and descending

D. Depends on where in the body the signals originate

A. Ascending

Which type of receptors are responsible for you being able to feel pain, itching, tickling, and temperature changes?

A. Merkel disk

B. Ruffini end organ

C. Free nerve endings

D. Pacinian corpuscles

C. Free nerve endings

F.A.S.T is an acronym to help when person is experiencing which of the following?

A. Stroke

B. Heart attack

C. Hemorrhaging

D. Alzheimer’s

A. Stroke

Cerebellum compares information from the _____ with the proprioceptive. If a difference is detected, the cerebellum, via the thalamus and to the spinal cord, corrects any discrepancy.

A. Sensory cortex

B. Motor cortex

C. Pons

D. Reticular formation

D. Reticular formation

Which structure has been damaged if the patient is not able to form the words they are trying to say?

A. Wernicke area

B. Broca area

B. Broca area

Which special senses works closely with the gustation sense, so much that it makes up about 70-80% of it?

A. Auditory

B. Olfactory

C. Visual

D. Touch

B. Olfactory

Acids stimulate which type of taste cell?

A. Sour

B. Sweet

C. Salty

D. Umami

A. Sour

Rods do not allow you to discriminate color in low light. Why?

A. They contain iodopsin which allows the discrimination between blue, red, and green.

B. Rods do NOT play a part in your ability to see.

C. Rods only function when there is light on.

D. They only contain the pigment Rhodopsin which is produced in the dark.

D. They only contain the pigment Rhodopsin which is produced in the dark.

The lacrimal gland plays what part in which special sense?

A. it aids in the production of ear waxing in your sense of hearing

B. it aids in tear production in your sense of sight

C. it aids in mucus production in your sense of smell

D. it aids in saliva production in your sense of taste

B. it aids in tear production in your sense of sight

The medulla oblongata is responsible for moderating which of the following special senses?

A. Vision

B. olfactory

C. auditory

D. equilibrium

D. equilibrium

In the eye, the layer which is responsible for bringing nutrients to the other two layers is which one?

A. Pia mater

B. Retina

C. Choroid

D. Arachnoid

C. Choroid

Accommodation is possible because of which structure?

A. Ciliary body

B. Light

C. Rods and cones

D. The visual cortex

A. Ciliary body

Which special sense involves 3 cranial nerves?

A. Smell

B. Sight

C. Taste

D. Hearing

C. Taste

Hearing is possible due to the vibration/movement of which structure(s) that transfers sound waves through the middle ear?

A. Basilar membrane

B. Ossicles

C. Tympanic membrane

D. Endolymph

B. Ossicles

"Popping your ears" involves relieving the pressure of the middle ear via which structurer?

A. External auditory meatus

B. Tympanic membrane

C. Eustachian tube

D. Auricle

C. Eustachian tube

The receptors involved in dynamic equilibrium are found where?

A. Vestibule

B. Pinna

C. Cochlea

D. Semicircular canals

D. Semicircular canals

The primary function of the auricle is what?

A. Funnel smell into the nasal cavity

B. Sense changes in pressure

C. Funnel sounds into the external auditory meatus

D. Sense changes in temperature

C. Funnel sounds into the external auditory meatus

The infection of which mucous membrane is known as "pink eye\*?

A. sclera

B. vascular tunica

C. vitreous humor

D. conjunctiva

D. conjunctiva

Vertigo; the feeling you are spinning when you are standing still, occurs because of an imbalance happening in which structure?

A. ampulla of the semicircular canals

B. vestibular apparatus

C. cerebellum

D. optic nerve

C. cerebellum

When you have been reading a book and your eyes are tired you can rest them by looking away in the distance. This ability to change from being able to see up close to then being able to see far away is called?

A. far sightedness

B. adaptation

C. accommodation

D. focusing

C. accommodation

\
The rods of the retina differ from the cones in that they allow for which type of vision?

A. very precision and detailed vision

B. color vision

C. black and white vision

D. super clear vision

C. black and white vision

Of all the special sense receptors; which of the following is in direct contact with the environment

A. photoreceptors of the retina

B. olfactory receptors

C. buds

D. touch receptors on your hand

B. olfactory receptors

Which of the following correctly shows the visual pathway. Beginning with the stimulation of the rod and cone receptors?

A. retina, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, geniculate, optic radiation, occipital lobe

B. retina, optic nerve, tract chiasma, optic nerve, geniculate, optic radiation, temporal lobe

C. optic nerve, retina, optic chiasma, optic tract, optic radiation, geniculate, occipital lobe

D. optic tract, optic radiation, optic nerve, retina, optic chiasma, geniculate, parietal lobe

A. retina, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, geniculate, optic radiation, occipital lobe

Sensory adaptation (or nose blindness) happens for which of the following reasons?

A. Keep you from being overwhelmed with too many smells.

B. Keep smells feeling like new smells every time you smell

C. Protection so you can smell unfamiliar smells

D. Protect you from nasty or unwanted smells

C. Protection so you can smell unfamiliar smells

Which lobe contains the primary area of integration for your sense of taste?

A. frontal

B. parietal

C. occipital

D. insula

D. insula

Which of the following heavily relies on the semicircular canals working to maintain balance?

A. A child learning how to do a cartwheel

B. A man falling asleep on the couch

C. A person laying in a hospital bed

D. A military person standing perfectly still

A. A child learning how to do a cartwheel

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for slowing down the heart rate and breathing and inversely speeding up digestions process? \n A. Sympathetic

B. Parasympathetic

C. Limbic

D. Central nervous system

B. Parasympathetic

There are two types of neurons in the autonomic division. Which kind releases norepinephrine?

A. sympathetic post-ganglion

B. parasympathetic pre-ganglion

C. somatic

D. all neurons of the autonomic system

A. sympathetic post-ganglion

The synapses (ganglions) of this division of the autonomic system usually tie close to the effector (which is far from the spinal cord) that is why it is known as the long fiber system

A. Cranial

B. Parasympathetic

C. Sympathetic

D. Reflexes

B. Parasympathetic

The parasympathetic division is also known as the craniosacral division because:

A. They only innervate skeletal muscles in those areas

B. They do not innervate viscera in those areas

C. They link those two areas together

D. They involve only neuron fibers from those areas

D. They involve only neuron fibers from those areas

Which division of the autonomic system is dominating when you are about to run a marathon?

A. parasympathetic

B. peripheral

C. sympathetic

D. central

C. sympathetic

During sexual intercourse the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems are doing what?

A. Having a cooperative effect on the body

B. Having an antagonistic effect on the body

C. Are balancing themselves perfectly

D. Are going crazy because both are trying to run the show

A. Having a cooperative effect on the body

Which of the follow only applies to the sympathetic division?

A. has a ganglionic trunk

B. uses two neurons in the signaling pathway

C. fibers originate in sacrum

D. is made Up of only motor neurons

A. has a ganglionic trunk

The pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic system release ACh, which means these fibers must be which of the following type?

A. adrenergic

B. muscarinic

C. Cholinergic

D. alpha

C. Cholinergic

The somatic and the autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses away from the central nervous system. Which of the following is true about these two divisions?

A. The neurotransmitters involved are the same in both divisions

B. One is located within the CNS and the other is outside the CNS

C. Both use two neurons in transmitting pathways

D. The effectors for the somatic division is skeletal muscle and the autonomic division innervates involuntary muscle.

D. The effectors for the somatic division is skeletal muscle and the autonomic division innervates involuntary muscle.

Which of the following has the greatest regulation over visceral functions which are governed by the autonomic functions?

A. hypothalamus

B. pons

C. vagus nerve

D. limbic system

\

A. hypothalamus

Which cranial nerve plays a major role in the parasympathetic division which helps in vocal homeostasis?

A. CNI (olfactory)

B. CNV (trigeminal)

C. CNVII (facial)

D. CNX (vagus)

D. CNX (vagus)

The adrenal medulla is part of the parasympathetic division because

A. it is derived from same cells as preganglionic ANS cells

B. it is derived from same cells as postganglionic ANS cells

C. it is derived from same cells as postganglionic SNS cells

D. it is derived from different cells than postganglionic SNS cells

B. it is derived from same cells as postganglionic ANS cells

Which of the following systems uses a single myelinated motor neuron to innervate skeletal muscle?

A. sympathetic system

B. parasympathetic system

C. somatic system

D. cardiovascular system

C. somatic system

When nicotinic receptors bind ACh the result will be?

a. stimulation

b. inhibition

c. both a and b

d. neither a or b

a. stimulation

Which division is considered the "fight or flight" division?

a. autonomic

b. somatic

c peripheral

d. sympathetic

d. sympathetic

The enteric nervous system consists of nerve plexuses within the wail of which of the following?

A. Small intestine

B. blood vessels

C. trachea

D. ureters

A. Small intestine

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the autonomic nervous system?

A. Innervate involuntary tissue

B. Provide sensory information about the viscera

C. Make adjustments for optimal body activities

D. Operate via subconscious control

B. Provide sensory information about the viscera

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for increasing blood glucose and heart rate?

A. sympathetic

B. somatic

C. parasympathetic

D. enteric

A. sympathetic

All neurons of the autonomic system are what type of neurons?

A. sensory

B. motor

C. enteric

D. somatic

B. motor

Which papilla DOES NOT contain taste buds?

A. fungiform

B. foliate

C. vallate

D. filiform

D. filiform

Once olfactory receptor in the nasal cavity are stimulated the impulse travels through openings in __ and synapse with the ------ where the signal will pass through the ---- system; which provides an emotional response to the memory of the smell. The signal will terminate in the olfactory cortex located in the _ system; which provides an emotional response to the memory lobe.

A. cribriform plate, olfactory bulb, limbic system, temporal

B. cribriform plate, olfactory bulb, hypothalamic system, temporal

C. cribriform plate, olfactory tract, limbic system, insula

D. sphenoid bone, olfactory bulb, limbic system, temporal

A. cribriform plate, olfactory bulb, limbic system, temporal

Which of the following is NOT part of the five (5) components of the visceral reflex are?

A. receptor

B. sensory neuron

C. perception center

D. motor neuron

C. perception center

the gut micro-biota refers to which of the following groups of organisms?

A. community of organisms living in the digestive tract

B. community of organisms living in the urinary tract

C. community of organisms living on the surface of the skin, primarily the abdomen

D. community of organisms that can be implanted into your stomach

A. community of organisms living in the digestive tract

The autonomic division maintains by adjusting body functions to match the level of physical activity. All viscera has innervation by neural fibers by division(s) causing opposite effects

A. homeostasis, neither

B. homeostasis, one or the other

C. posture, the dominant

D. homeostasis, both

D. homeostasis, both