music section 3: people

Alice Cunningham Fletcher

Ethnomusicologist who published A Study of Omaha Indian Music

Frances Densmore

Ethnomusicologist sponsored by the Smithsonian who used sound technology to preserve Native American music

Hiawatha and the Peacemaker

Wrote the "Great Law of Peace" (two people)

Handsome Lake

Seneca prophet who revitalized the Iroquois Confederacy with a code based on sobriety, self-sufficency, and tradition

Handsome Lake

Creator of the "Longhouse Religion"

Canassatego

Iroquois spokesman who urged the colonies to unite as a confederacy like that of the Haudenosaunee

Benjamin Franklin

Printed a speech by Canassatego

Benjamin Franklin

Proposed the Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin

Invited members of the Iroquois Great council to give an address at the Continental Congress

Sadie Buck

Wrote a social dance song based on "Mary Had a Little Lamb"

Sadie Buck

Leader of the Six Nations Women Singers

Hubert Buck, Jr.

Co-founded the Old Mush Singers

Betsy Buck

Was inspired to compose a song after the death of her father and sister-in-law

Hubert Buck, Sr.

Sadie Buck's father and a confederacy chief

Hubert Buck, Jr.

Sadie Buck's brother

Betsy Buck

Sadie Buck's sister who is also a composer

Sister Foben

Composed "Die sanfte Bewegung die liebliche Krafft"

Francis Hopkinson

Was too short to join the Continental Army

John Adams

Called Hopkinson "genteel and well-bred"

Francis Hopkinson

Lawyer who attended the Second Continental Congress as a delegate from New Jersey

Francis Hopkinson

Was appointed as a judge for the U.S. District Court in Pennsylvania

George Washington

Appointed Hopkinson as a federal judge

Francis Hopkinson

Wrote a poem called "Ode to Music"

Francis Hopkinson

Learned the harpsichord as a young man

Francis Hopkinson

Became the organist for a Philadelphia Anglican Church in 1770

Francis Hopkinson

Was hired by the Dutch Reformed Church of New York to create metrical psalms in English to fit melodies of the Dutch Psalter

Handel, Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Thomas Augustine Arne

Three composers whose pieces Hopkinson transcribed

Francis Hopkinson

Composer of "My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free"

Francis Hopkinson

Published Seven Songs for the Harpsichord or Forte Piano

George Washington

Seven Songs for the Harpsichord or Forte Piano was dedicated to him

Francis Hopkinson

Believed himself to be the first American to compose in the new nation

James Lyon

Publisher of Urania

Daniel Read

Published the American Singing Book

Francis Hopkinson

His song was the first secular music written in the colonies

Thomas Parnell

Wrote "Poems on Several Occasions"

Francis Hopkinson

Used "Poems on Several Occasions" as the text for some of his music

Miss Anne Minchin

Parnell's fiancee

Miss Anne Minchin

Her nickname was "Nancy"

Francis Hopkinson

Labeled the keyboard instrumentals in his music as "symphonies"

Oscar Sonneck

Historian who called "My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free" "a harmless but pretty little piece"

Martha Custis

George Washington's wife (with maiden name)

Eleanor Parke Custis

Martha Washington's granddaughter who was tutored with harpsichord lessons

Martha Custis

Looked after two of her grandchildren after her son died at the age of 26

St. Cecilia

Patron saint of music

Johann Friedrich Peter

Moravian who brought hand copied music to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Johann Friedrich Peter

Ran weekly Collegium rehearsals and organized secular concerts for the Moravian community

Benjamin Franklin

Attended a Moravian concert, but was surprised that so many of the musicians were also common workmen

Count Zinzendorf

Advised the Moravians to stay relatively isolated and separate upon their arrival to America

Alexander Martin

Governor of North Carolina who called for a feast of thanksgiving for the fourth of July

Johann Friedrich Peter

Composed a "Psalm of Joy" for the first Fourth of July celebration in Salem, NC

Johann Friedrich Peter

Organized a performance of a Te Deum for the Fourth of July

Johann Friedrich Peter

Wrote in his Lebenslauf that he worried about succumbing to pride because of his musical abilities

John Antes

Moravian who composed three string trios, the first chamber music written by an American

John Antes

Lived in Egypt as a missionary

Johann Friedrich Peter

Organized concerts with George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and the Marquis de Lafayette in attendance

Johann Friedrich Peter

Composed six quintets in America

Johann Friedrich Peter

Composer of the Salem Quintets

George Washington, Marquis de Lafayette, Benjamin Franklin

Famous listeners of Moravian concerts (three people)

Johann Friedrich Peter

Acquired works from Haydn and Mozart to build up his repertory

Johann Friedrich Peter

Was sent to Salem in 1780

Johann Friedrich Peter

His music conformed to European composing expectations

H. Wiley Hitchcock and Hans T. David

Scholars who called Peter "the most gifted" of the American Moravians (two people)

Johann Friedrich Peter

Considered the most talented Moravian composer

Don McCorkle

Described Peter's quintets as the best chamber music composed by an American in the 18th century

King Charles I

Was executed in 1649 during an English civil war

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the new Commonwealth government that replaced the monarchy in England

Oliver Cromwell

Calvinist leader of England

Oliver Cromwell

Restricted instrumental music in English churches

Oliver Cromwell

Banned music in any kind of pubs or taverns

Anacreon

Ancient Greek poet famous for celebrating love and wine

Anacreon

Patron of the Anacreontic Society

John Stafford Smith

Composer of "The Anacreontic Song"

Ralph Tomlinson

Writer of the poetry of "The Anacreontic Song"

Ralph Tomlinson

Lawyer who became the president of the Anacreontic Society

Joseph Haydn

Composer who was invited as a guest to the Anacreontic Society in 1791

Duchess of Devonshire

Woman who attended a meeting of the Anacreontic Society but was hidden behind a curtain

Duchess of Devonshire

Her presence indirectly caused the collapse of the Anacreontic Society

George Washington

The Columbian Anacreontic Society performed for his funeral and memorial procession

Francis Hopkinson

Wrote one of the first American alternate versions of "The Anacreontic Song"

George Washington

Tried in vain to keep the nation from splitting into political parties

King Louis XVI

French king executed during the Reign of Terror

Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Antifederalists

Edmond-Charles Genet

French envoy to America under the Washington adminstration

George Washington

Issued a Neutrality Proclamation on behalf of the United States in regard to the French Revolution

Charles-Edmond Genet

Tried to recruit Americans and hire American ships to fight on France's side against England

George Washington

Asked the French government to recall Genet

Charles-Edmond Genet

The Columbian Centinel wrote a version of "The Anacreontic Song" criticizing him

Susanna Rowson

Published a version of "The Anacreontic Song" celebrating George Washington's birthday

Robert Treat Paine

Wrote "Adams and Liberty" based on the "Anacreontic Song"

Robert Treat Paine

His version of "The Anacreontic Song" premiered at the fourth anniversary of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society

Francis Scott Key

Lawyer from Georgetown

Francis Scott Key

Writer of "The Warrior Returns"

Stephen Decatur Jr. and Charles Stewart

Fought Barbary pirates in North Africa; the subject of "The Warrior Returns" (two people)

Dr. William Beanes

Doctor who was arrested by the British during the War of 1812

John Stuart Skinner

U.S. government officer in charge of prisoner-of-war exchanges

John Stuart Skinner and Francis Scott Key

Sailed to Baltimore to negotiate for the freedom of Dr. BEANES

Alexander Cochrane

British Admiral who negotiated with Key and Skinner for the release of Beanes

Alexander Cochrane

Forced Key, Skinner, and Beanes to stay tethered to British ship during the Battle of Fort McHenry

Francis Scott Key

Wrote "Defence of Fort McHenry"

Francis Scott Key

His poem was reprinted in the Baltimore Patriot and the Baltimore American newspapers