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Attitudes regarding death - Traditional African
positive and accepting and comprehensively integrated into the totality of life
Attitudes regarding death - Christian
regard death as a transition to another level of existence—an afterlife—which has very little to do with the living
The Christian concepts of heaven and hell represent one example of this type of belief
Attitudes regarding death - Navajos
heaven is earth, where all goodness resides. Death leads to an underworld that is similar to earth and considered the place of all evil
Attitudes regarding death - Social gospel
There is no afterlife, but this life on earth is it
One of the most feared, distressing, and anxiety-provoking deaths is a death perceived as ________
meaningless
To live in a world without order in one’s culture would force an individual to experience a meaningless existence, a condition known as ______
anomie
_________ refers to the fact that human activity does not always lead to predictable outcomes
Uncertainty
__________ means there are many situations in life and events in the universe over which humans have no control.
Powerlessness
_________ refers to the fact that humans experience inequality with regard to the distribution of wealth, power, prestige, and other things that make a satisfying life.
Scarcity
________ force individuals to the realm of the transcendent in their search for meaningful answers
Marginal situations
________ is a transcendent reference that helps individuals remain reality-oriented when the order of everyday life is challenged.
Religion
Which of the three fundamental characteristics of human existence applies when we are troubled by the fact that some must endure painful, degrading, and meaningless deaths, whereas others find more meaning and purpose in the last days of their lives than they experienced in the years preceding the “the terminal period?”
Powerlessness
Which of the three fundamental characteristics of human existence applies when we are faced with the fact that death keeps us from accomplishing all of our goals in life?
Uncertainty
Which of the three fundamental characteristics of human existence applies when we realize we are unable to extend the length of our lives and/or control the circumstances surrounding the experience and cause of our deaths?
Scarcity
Cross-cultural studies of death reveal that most societies seem to have a concept of _____ and ______
Soul and immortality
Many sane, sober individuals in the United States have had “encounters” with ghosts that are typically ______
Friendly
According to early 20th century sociologist Emile Durkheim, what are the four essential ingredients of religion?
A system of beliefs
A set of religious practices or rituals
The sacred or supernatural as the object of worship
Community or social base
Among the various religious traditions, ______ views of death and the afterlife often reflect the conviction that the afterlife serves to dispense divine justice.
Jewish
In the religious tradition of _______, death is viewed as the entrance to eternal life and therefore is preferable to physical life.
Christianity
In the ____ religious tradition, people upon their death will receive either eternal rewards or punishments, determined by their faith in God and the moral quality of their earthly lives.
Islam
In the _____ religious tradition, one’s present life is determined by one’s actions in a previous life.
Hindu
In the Hindu religious tradition, ____ refers to the moral law that an individual’s actions produce results for which the individual is responsible.
Karma
In the Hindu religious tradition, _____ are the religious duties, requirements, and/or prescriptions.
dharma
In the Hindu religious tradition, ______ is the reward for living a saintly life by overcoming spiritual ignorance, acquiring true knowledge, performing good deeds, and living a life of love and devotion to God.
moksha
_______ for the devout Hindu might be to have “everlasting spiritual rebirth.”
Punishment
In the ______ religious tradition, it is by accepting the impermanence of life, relationships, and desirable things and then letting go of them that one finds enlightenment.
Buddhism
From the _________ perspective, because one lives in a hostile world where one will eventually die, the primary human task is to find meaning in an otherwise meaningless world.
Existentialist
How do people with a temporal or existential orientation toward death achieve symbolic immortality?
such as the continuity of history, the permanence of art, or even the biological force of sex. (122)
achieved by being remembered by others, by creating something that remains useful or interesting to others, or by being part of a cause or social movement that continues after the individual’s death
Heroes are more likely to come from the ranks of the ____ than the ranks of the ______.
Dead / living
_________ is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a dead person’s accession to heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in his or her name.
Beatification
According to the International Association for Near-Death Experiences (2017), every day in the United States ___ near death experiences occur.
774
What do near-death experiences tell us about the dying process and/or being dead?
Near-death experiences are real to those who had them
What has the scientific community concluded with respect to near-death experiences supporting the existence of an afterlife?
Science, at this point, can neither verify nor refute afterlife beliefs
Spirits of the dead inhabit the world alongside the livings describes the _____ attitude toward death.
Traditional African
According to the narrator in the video presentation, “Perspectives on Death: Crash Course Philosophy,” ancient Greek philosopher Socrates did not think we could know if there is an afterlife but he thought there were only two possibilities, which included death is either a
Dreamless sleep or a passage to another life
In the video presentation, “Perspectives on Death: Crash Course Philosophy,” the narrator states that ancient Greek philosopher Socrates recommended spending your life looking after your _____
Mind
In the video presentation, “Perspectives on Death: Crash Course Philosophy,” the narrator states that ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus believed death is the _________
cessation of sensation
According to the narrator in the video presentation, “Perspectives on Death: Crash Course Philosophy,” contemporary American philosopher Thomas Nagel points out that some people dread death because of missing _________
out on things they want to experience
According to the narrator in the video presentation, “Perspectives on Death: Crash Course Philosophy,” ancient Chinese philosopher Daoist philosopher Zhuangzi believed there is no reason to fear the death of your loved ones because _______
It’s inevitable / it’s just another change
According to the classroom lecture on religious interpretations of death, which of the five world’s major religions believes in polytheism?
Hinduism and Buddhism
According to the classroom lecture on religious interpretations of death, the world’s oldest religion is _____.
Hinduism
According to the classroom lecture on religious interpretations of death, the world’s second largest religion is _____.
Islam
According to the theory of Thomas O’Dea (1966) presented in the classroom lecture on religious interpretations of death, what three conditions compel people to turn toward religion in order to seek transcendence from the everyday world?
Uncertainty: Human activity does not always lead to predictable outcomes
Powerlessness: Many conditions we have no control over
Scarcity: Inequality because there are not enough resources to go around
From the classroom lecture on religious interpretations of the death, how does the Islam belief in the afterlife differ from that of Hindus and Buddhists? In what way does Hinduism resemble Buddhism with respect to beliefs about the afterlife?
Different because of the different layers of heaven and hell
Similar because it makes sure the person is held accountable through reincarnation-esque principles
As explained in the classroom lecture on perspectives on death and life after death, how does a religious interpretation of life after death differ from a temporal interpretation?
Religious interpretation is different because they believe there is some aspect of an afterlife after death
As listed in the classroom lecture on perspectives on death and life after death, what are four beliefs and attitudes that people with a temporal interpretation of death typically share?
There is no soul
Tend to reject the idea of an afterlife
Death is not the end of an individual
Focus on needs and concerns of survivors
As defined in the classroom lecture on perspectives on death and life after death, _____ refers to believing that the meaning of the person can continue after he or she has died.
symbolic immortality
As described in the classroom lecture on near-death experiences (NDEs), how do religious beliefs affect the content of NDEs?
Limited scientific evidence
According to research presented in the classroom lecture on near-death experiences (NDEs),_____ percent of the surveyed people who have had a NDE now believe there is life after death.
98%
According to research presented in the classroom lecture on near-death experiences (NDEs),_____ percent of the surveyed people who have had a NDE express a strong increase in their concern for others
80%
According to Thomas Fleischmann in the classroom video, “From life to death, beyond and back,” how do most people die?
By having a disease
Getting worse, getting better, getting worse, repeating till death
According to Thomas Fleischmann in the classroom video, “From life to death, beyond and back,” how do most people want to die?
Quick death (heart attack, car accident)
First phase of near-death experience
Sudden change: all pain, anxiety, fear, noise is gone and there is peace
Second phase of near death experience
Sudden change: People floating above themselves
Third phase of near death experience
Sudden change: 98-99% say comfortable, warm, peaceful. 1-2% say scary, fearful, monsters
Fourth phase of near death experience
Out of the blackness, light begins to shine, attracted to the light and they go to it
Fifth phase of near death experience
Sudden change: Beautiful surroundings and scenery, unconditional love, flashback of whole life, greeted by dead relatives. Half of the people who get to this stage are here because a relative told them.
According to philosopher Stephen Cave, we each live in a shadow of a _____________
personal apocalypse
According to philosopher Stephen Cave, how does the behavior of people who are reminded of the fact that they are going to die differ from the behavior of people who are not reminded of their mortality?
More willing to believe stories that they can escape death and live forever
Philosopher Stephen Cave defines ____ as ways in which we miscalculate, misjudge, distort reality, or see what we want to see.
bias
Philosopher Stephen Cave defines ____ as people who are undecided about their religious beliefs
agnostic
According to philosopher Stephen Cave, what happens to agnostics when the fear of death is put into them?
They get more religious
Elixir
Avoiding death with promise of life with something to keep you going forever
Resurrection
Accepts death, but you’ll rise up and live again eventually
Soul
LEave your body behind and upload your soul into the digital and live forever
Legacy
Live on forever in the digital age or through children
Philosopher Stephen Cave sees life as a book and the only thing that matters is that you make is _______
a good story
Note
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