Biology Ch. 1 X

Energy Utilization (reactions in a cell

exergonic)

Community

interacting population

Ecosystem

community plus physical environment

Biology is the study of life. It unifies much of natural science.

Life is constrained by the properties of chemistry and physics

science is becoming more interdisciplinary

Characteristics of all Living things

Cellular Organization (prokaryote and eukaryote)

Ordered Complexity (metabolic pathways)

Sensitivity to Environment (react/adapt)

Growth, Development, and Reproduction (fission)

Energy Utilization (reactions in a cell- exergonic)

Homeostasis (physiological responses that regulate normal conditions)

Evolutionary Adaptation (change overtime)

Hierarchical organization of living systems

cellular level is the smallest

cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community -ecosystem-biosphere

Population: particular species in a particular place

Community: interacting population

Ecosystem: community plus physical environment

Biosphere: all ecosystems together (Earth)Biosphere: all ecosystems together (Earth)

Nature of Science

aims to understand the world through observation and reasoning.

As Specific as possible

Inductive Reasoning: from specific ideas to general ideas

ex: establishing a cell theory

Deductive Reasoning: from general to specific ideas

Independent Variable: the one that we change

Dependent Variable: result or what you measure

Scientific Theory- elevating conclusions to a level of theory

Evolution Theory: common ancestor an adapted

Biogenesis Theory: life only comes from life

Gene Theory: organisms have coded info that determine form, function and to some extent behavior

Darwin was not the first to propose evolution

Darwins contribution was a mechanism

Natural selection: is a mechanism for evolution; variation of a feature, certain versions are advantageous; it is heritable

We must have energy to exist

humans- food- sun- photosyntesis

Genome: entire set of DNA instructions

Gene: particular segment of DNA or discrete unit of inheritance

CENTRAL DOGMA

Reductionism: the general approach of biochemistry

Basic Research:

Applied Research

Chapter 2

Atoms are composed of protons neutrons and electrons

APE MAN (Atomic Number, Element, Atomic Mass)

Electrons: negatively charged particles located in orbitals

Neutral atoms have the same number of electrons and protons

Ions: charged particle electrons change

Atomic Number: equal to the number of protons

Element: can’t be broken down into another substance by ordinary means