Decolonization Comparison of China & India

China Decolonization: China before Decolonization

China was ruled in a traditional society led by aristocrats and landed elites; large peasant population making a nation of have and have nots; under the boot of Western Imperialism with the U.S. forcing Philippines to rule over China and Japan which weakens China

China Decolonization: China’s lack of Control

China were forced to follow Christianity by Christian missionaries which manipulated their tradition

China Decolonization: Box Rebellion 1899-1901

The uprise of Chinese individuals fighting back against foreigners to protect their Traditional society; Westerners suppressed the Boxer rebellion and implemented an Imperial Government

China Decolonization: The Rise of Educated Chinese Individuals

Young and Educated Chinese not only fought against Western Ideology but had also realized the failure of China’s current system of a traditional society

China Decolonization: Sun Yat Sen

He rose to power and appealed to the Chinese people as he too grew up in peasantry; he got his education in Hong Kong & Hawaii and was moved by how they ruled and wanted to bring these ideas back to China to create a liberal government

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1916 Yuan Shakai

the death of Yuan shakai served as a stepping stone for Sun Yat Sen to rise up to maintain the liberal movement

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1920 Riots

Chaos, Riots and massacres spread all throughout China causing even more problems

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1921 Communist Influence/Mao Zedong Uprising

Chinese were inspired by the 1919 Russian Revolution becoming a Socialist state and influenced them to convert and create a Socialist party led by Mao Zedong; many Peasants enjoyed this way of leading

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1920s-1930s

Nationalist group rose led by Chiang Kai shek to war with the uprising communist

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1931 Manchuria

The Japanese seize and infiltrate Manchuria in hopes to control China

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 1937 Japanese Invasion

The Japanese launch a full scale invasion on China and were met by forces from both sides of Nationalists and Communists

China Decolonization: Inter War Period; 3 Way Rivalry

The Nation of China now at war from 3 different groups being Nationalists, Communists and the Japanese

Chinese Decolonization: Chinese Civil War 1937-1949; 1945 Nationalists Lost

During this time the Nationalists had lost a majority of its supporters after word got out that they were working with Japan which made formers supporters more upset

Chinese Decolonization: Chinese Civil War 1937-1949; Chinese Ruling

China now lies under the boot of wealthy Japan which made Japan more powerful the reason why Nationalists favored Japan

Chinese Decolonization: Chinese Civil War 1937-1949; 1949 Mao Zedong People’s Republic

Deems China to be theirs after Japan is weakened from the nuking during the events of WW2 and they will build their own republic

Chinese Decolonization: Chinese Civil War 1937-1949; Chaing Kai Shek

Shek flees to Taiwan establishing a Nation Chinese Government which was supported by the U.S. to possibly establish a legitimate Chinese Government

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; China’s Current state

The Nation of China was now ruled over by the Communist party

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; 1949-1953 China’s Economy

China now converts its economy into a large landless Peasant class

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; Experts and Reds

Created a divided Nation of China between the two and how China should be led to become a Great Nation; “I know the way forward”

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; Experts

Wanted Centralized command, moderation reforms were pragmatic, emphasis on expertise though not as committed to Marxist’s ideology

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; Reds

Believe in Ideological purity class struggle, idealism & euthanasia for equality and wanted China to grow quickly into a Socialist State

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; Experts Ruling 1953-1957

They ruled through bureaucracy which made them into an heavy industry state and small communist farms that were shared amongst everyone

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; Reds Ruling 1958-1962

Claimed to the people of China they were the Great Leap forward and pushed to decentralized industries to move power to workers also shared farmland but government worked the land as this movement targeted intellectuals

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; The Failure of Reds

Red’s motives only increase citizen starvation and no true industrial growth

Chinese Decolonization: The New Regime; 1962 Experts Rise to Power

After the Reds failure of a system experts rose to power but the Reds hadn’t given up completely

Chinese Decolonization: The Cultural Revolution 1965-1974; 1965 Mao Zedong vs the experts

Mao Zedong went against Experts and created a scapegoat for past failures of China; Mao pushed against Bureaucracy, capitalism and hierarchy in China

Chinese Decolonization: The Cultural Revolution 1965-1974; Mao Zedong & the Reds

Mao Zedong got the Red guards to go against the Experts deeming them the enemies of China; also went to war with foreigners to further consolidate China into a Communist State; Cult uprising praising Mao Zedong and to worship leader not religion

Chinese Decolonization: The Cultural Revolution 1965-1974; Little Red Book

A book all Chinese Citizens were forced and required to carry on them at all times

Chinese Decolonization: The Cultural Revolution 1965-1974; 1970-1971 Economics collapse

The Revolution was heavily weakened by the economic collapse which leads China into detente

Chinese Decolonization: The Cultural Revolution 1965-1974; 1976 Mao Dies/ Deng Xiapeng Rises

After Mao Zedong’s death, Deng Xiapeng rises and leads experts to power punishing Reds and Radicals and blaming them fore the failures of Cultural Revolution

Chinese Decolonization: The Contemporary Era; 1972 U.S. ties

The U.S. makes ties with China in hopes their influence their Capitalism into China in stopping the spread of Communism

Chinese Decolonization: The Contemporary Era; China’s agreements

China opens slightly to the idea of Capitalism with private ownership of land and invited foreign investment but China continued to rule under one party; U.S. causes China to suppress more which China seeks economic but not political reform expanding to Southeast China

India Decolonization: Under British Rule

India was under rule by the British since the 1760s and governed into a Monarchy Society

India Decolonization: Rise of Educated Middle Class Individuals

Some middle class Indians studied abroad and liked the ideas other Nations had and brought back those foreign ideas to their Nation; you need educated people to lead an uprising

India Decolonization: 1885 Indian Nation Congress

The congress was formed which was predominantly led by Hindu population to self-rule though they inherit the borders of Colonialism

India Decolonization: WW1 Stepping Stone

WW1 helped Indians fight for their own Nation as they were the ones sent out first

India Decolonization: 1919 Amritsar Massacre

Massacre by the British that was on peaceful Indian protestors that killed 376 individuals and wounded thousands more but people needed to die for there to be a real change

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; Gandhi

An educated individual who rose up against the racist remarks on Indian People by the British only furthering Indian identity and solidarity

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; Combating British Government

Gandhi used forms of non-violence & Civil Disobedience to fight against the British such as refusing to vote or pay taxes; Fasting being another form of protest arose in India

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; Worry of Muslim people

Gandhi although an elite was kind to people and his movement was mainly religious which caused worry in for the minority Muslim population

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; WW2 effects

British greatly weakened by WW2 which weakened power over India

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; 1935 British attempts to keep power

British elected a legislature in India chosen by them and not the Indian people so British can still have some influence in the Nation

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; Jawaharlal

Another figure who Arose in India and had a more aggressive approach in comparison to Gandhi and fought against the Legislature by British creating a rivalry

India Decolonization: A Leader Emerges; Muslim League

Although India finally were able to establish independence a Muslim League also established themselves leading to an internal rivalry

India Decolonization: 1945 British Give Up

British finally giver India their independence under negotiation and not war but India was still divided as Indian and Pakistan population

India Decolonization: 1947 British Withdraws

India is now left to govern for themselves after British forces leave

India Decolonization: Negative Affects of Withrawal

Now divided into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan which created fear for both nations of suppression from the other group; India’s partition led thousands to die and rising internal conflicts and unrest; India has its independence as the cost of mass poverty

Both Decolonization Similarities

Both had Huge populations but many individuals were poor peasant people under the boot of colonialism and converted from a traditional to modern societies

India’s Decolonization difference

religious focused movement with liberal leaders such as Gandhi but also religious divisions; Gandhi was huge on non-violent movement leading to democratic rule Jawaharlal used a more aggressive approach

China’s Decolonization Difference

conflicting movements of Radicals vs Liberals which lead to internal war and Violent revolutions; China ends by becoming into a dictatorship ; Mao Zedong led the Radicals while Sun Yat sen led the liberals