Bio 315 week #1 board questions and clinical questions

Hard palate

Constructed from parts of the maxilla and palatine bone.

Sella turcica

Latin for Turkish Saddle. The pituitary gland rests here.

Nasal bones

Fractures produce a broken nose.

hypoglossal canal

Hypoglossal means below the tongue

Foramen lacerum

Filled with cartilage in the living.

Mandibular foramen

Internal surface of mandible

Maxillary sinuses

largest of the paranasal sinuses

Ethmoid air cells

As Many as 20 Separate Air Spaces

Primary curvatures (kyphosis)

These curvatures of the spine are present at birth

Secondary curvatures

These curvatures developed postnatally

Sacrum

Made of 5 fused vertebra

Coccyx

3-5 partially fused vertebra

Broken Back

Compressed or fractured vertebral bodies, potentially dangerous to the spinal cord.

Kyphosis

Increase in the curve of the thoracic spine, can produce rounded shoulders and a 'hump back.'

Lordosis

Increase in the curve of the lumbar spine, can produce a 'sway back' or 'saddle back.'

Laminectomy

Surgical removal of a lamina to expose the contents of the vertebral canal or repair a herniated disc.

Maxillofacial Fractures

Involve the bones of the viscerocranium, often resulting from blunt injuries.

Nasal Bone Fractures

Most common type of maxillofacial fracture, also known as 'Broken Nose.'

Tripod Fracture

A three-sided fracture of the zygomatic bone involving the frontal bone, maxilla, and zygomatic arch.

LeFort Fractures

Mid-face fractures that separate segments of the facial skeleton, causing abnormal mobility.

Median Sternotomy

An incision through the midline of the sternum for surgical access to thoracic organs.

Osteoporosis

A disease reducing bone mineral density, increasing fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women.

Rib Resection

Removal of part of a rib for surgical access to the thoracic cavity.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Spina Bifida

A defect in the vertebral column marked by an absence of vertebral arches, potentially exposing the spinal cord.

Spinal Fusion

Grafting of new bone-forming cells between adjacent vertebrae after disc removal.