PICPE P3

1521

Spaniards arrival was in?

True

T or F: Before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521, the early Filipinos already had a rich and organized way of life.

False

T or F: Early Filipinos did not have their own system of government, economy, social structure, traditions, and beliefs that guided their daily living.

Kaugalian

Pre-Hispanic Filipino society was guided by strong customs, traditions, and moral standards known as?

Kaugalian

These norms shaped how people behaved and interacted with one another.

Important social norms

1. Respect for elders and authority

2. Hospitality

3. Strong family ties

4. Community cooperation (Bayanihan spirit)

5. Belief in spirits and nature

Respect for elders and authority

Elders were highly respected and their advice was valued.

Hospitality

Filipinos were known to warmly welcome visitors and strangers.

Strong family ties

The family was the center of society. Loyalty to family and kinship was very important.

Community cooperation (Bayanihan spirit)

Neighbors helped one another in farming, building houses, and community activities.

Belief in spirits and nature

Early Filipinos practiced animism and believed in gods, goddesses, and ancestral spirits.

epics, songs, and

rituals

Customs and traditions were passed orally from generation to generation through ————. These guided moral behavior and maintained harmony in the community.

True

T or F: Even before foreign influence, Filipinos already had a form of organized government.

Barangay

The basic political unit was the ——; a small independent community usually composed of 30–100 families.

Datu (Chieftain)

Each barangay was headed by a?

Datu (Chieftain)

Served as leader, lawmaker, judge, and military commander.

Customs and traditions.

Laws were usually based on?

Mediation and community discussion.

Disputes were settled through?

Pre-Hispanic Social Classes

1. Maharlika

2. Timawa

3. Alipin

Pre-Hispanic Social Classes

This structure helped maintain order and defined the roles of individuals in society.

Maharlika

The nobles and warriors.

Timawa

The freemen.

Alipin

Servants or dependents.

Customary laws

Early Filipinos followed ———. Punishments were based on the seriousness of the offense.

1. Mediation by elders

2. Oaths

3. Ordeals or trials by combat

Trials were often done thorugh?

Ordeals or trials by combat

A dispute settled through a sanctioned, physical fight between two parties or their hired "champions".

Victory, Loser

The ordeal was based on the belief that God would intervene and ensure —— for the innocent, while the —— was deemed guilty.

Justice

Was communal and focused on restoring harmony rather than revenge.

False

T or F: Pre-Hispanic Filipinos weren’t productive and skilled in many economic activities.

Farming

The main livelihood.

• Rice

• Corn

• Root crops

• Sugarcane

What did the Pre-Hispanic Filipinos plant?

Banaue Rice Terraces

Proof of the Pre-Historic Filipinos’ advanced agricultural knowledge.

Forested areas

Hunting was common in?

Fishing

Communities near rivers and seas depended on?

True

T or F: Filipinos were active traders even before the Spanish period.

• Chinese

• Arabs

• Malays

• Japanese

Who did the Filipinos trade with?

• Gold

• Pearls

• Textiles

• Spices

• Pottery

What products did the Early Filipinos trade?

Foreign trade

The existence of ——— shows that early Filipinos were economically advanced and connected to Asia.

• Pottery

• Weaving

• Metalworking

• Boat-making

Filipinos were skilled in crafts and industries including?

Balangay boats

The famous —— prove their expertise in shipbuilding and navigation.

High status of women

One remarkable feature of pre-colonial Philippine society was the?

False

T or F: In Pre-Historic Philippines, women were seen as below men in many aspects.

• Own and inherit property

• Engage in trade and business

• Choose their husbands

• Lead communities

• Become religious leaders (babaylan)

Women in pre-historic Philippines could?

Women

Many spiritual leaders were?

• Healers

• Priestesses

• Advisers

• Community leaders

Women played important roles as?

False

T or F: Marriage in pre-historic Philippines were not equal

True

T or F: Women had the right to divorce abusive husbands, which was uncommon in many other ancient cultures.