Midterm Studies MWH (Freshmen Year)

Absolutism

The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Divine Right

When a king or queen believe they where sent from god to rule that country

Louis XIV, the sun king (14)

King of France between 1653 till he died in 1715. I served for 72 years and 110 days. He believed he was the sun of France. He’s known for the outbreak of the French Revolution.

Became king at the age of 4

Philosophers and Enlightenment thinkers

John Locke, Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Hobbes

Beloved human reason could provide answers to scientific and political problems

Storming of the Bastille

I was a prison were a rigiot was held. The point of the storming was to prove to the government citizens and ordinary people can overthrow AND challenged the government. It was also done to show individual rights and equality.

Reign of Terror and Robespierre

A violent period of time where the comity of public safety lead by a powerful person, lead a very long period of time of mass executions

Napoleonic code

Replaced the fragmented laws. (Pre revolution)

Made all citizens equal, effected woman heavily

Still in use

Countries Napolean annexed to France

Netherlands, parts of Italy, parts of modern-day Germany, Belgium

Napoleon in Russia 1812

When Napoleon entered Moscow the capital erupted into flames. 2/3a of the city burned

Scorched-earth policy

No food to feed troops, winter

Congress of Vienna goals and results

The goal was to restore the territorial order before the Napoleonic codes. The result was the establishment of a new political order in Europe.

Legitimacy

Conforming to the laws or to rules

Successes and failures of Napoleon

A military genius who expanded his empire through successful wars against various coalitions of European nations. The battle of Waterloo was his last battle.

What ended up happening to Napoleon? (His fate)

After the Battle of Waterloo, he gave up his throne and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena.

Haitian Revolution

Toussaint Louverture led this event. The revolution of Haiti impacted Latin America because it gave individuals rights to freedom. 

Toussaint L’Overyure

This person led a slave revolt and emancipated the slaves in Haiti. He left a impact on Haiti because he freed the slaves in his country of Haiti, if he didnt do that there might be a possibility that there would still be slaves in Latin America. 

Peninsulares

This group of people are made up of the people born on the island of Iberian Peninsula. Their power on society were the highest rank as the masters of colonial order. They didn’t like being controlled by other countries. The Creoles are made up of people with mixed ancestry.

Creoles

This group of people are made up of people with mixed ancestry. They manly have economic power over anything else. They didn’t like being ruled by other countries.

Mestizos

This group of people was made up of people of European AND Indigenous descent. These people had a middle-class status. They felt like they didn’t get enough attention under Spanish rule, like the other groups of people did.

Simon Bolivar

He was a very important military and political leader. he played an important role in the Spanish American fight for independence

Father Hidalgo

He was born in Guanajuato in 1753. He issued the Grito de Dolores in 1810 as a Latin American Revolutionary. He left his impact as a leader by sparking a war by creating the Grito de Dolores. 

Jose de San Martin

He was born in Yapeyu, Arengina. He was a statesman who had a important role in the independence movements against Spain in multiple countries. He was a member of the Spanish army. He fought in some of the campaigns in the Peninsular War. He left an impact as a leader because he led many of the successful military campaigns in the countries of Argentina, Peru, and Chile. These campaigns where to free these countries from Spanish rule, to get their own freedom. 

Reasons why the IR began in Great Britain

They had a high wage, cheap energy economy that created a demand for technology and innovation.

Textile Industry

The sector that deals with the design, production and distribution of this product.

Changes in transportation

Waterways, roads, and railroads

Steam Engine

A form of transportation that moves itself by the force of other vesicles. The first form of transportation in the industrial revolution.

Working conditions

Bad, deadly, dirty, terrible

Tenements

Houses, built for working-class families moving to cities for manufacturing jobs.

Child Labor

Employment of young people in factories and industries. Harsh and exploitative conditions.

Luis XVI

The last king of France; Was the leader till his death in 1774; his deposition was in 1792; married to Mary Antoinette

Estates under the old (Ancien) regime

Clergy - First Estate, the nobility - Second Estate, and the commoners - Every other person in France

Effects of the French Revolution

Lead to the end of the Monarchy; lead to the reign of terror; Napolean’s rise of power; Rise of Nationalism