Intro to CSD Final Review

Right hemisphere disorders

affects communication process in aspects related to language use instead of form or content.

What are common deficits related to right hemisphere disorders?

attention, emotions, humor, metaphors and analogies and big picture details

Locking mechanisms for the airway include

the velum, eppiglottis and vocal folds closing

Dysphagia

motor weakness

aphasia

a language disorder caused by left hemisphere damage, typically resulting from a stroke

apraxia

motor planning problem

Phonological impariments

includes stopping, fronting, cluster reduction

articulation errors acronym

S.O.D.A

what does S.O.D.A stand for

substitution, omission, distortion and addition.

Sensorineural hearing loss

hearing loss related to damage to the cochlea or the auditory pahtway that delivers the information to the brain

Conductive hearing loss

a loss of hearing related to obstructoin or disease in the outer or middle ear in which sound tranmissoin fails to reach the cochela

what are examples of senironeural hearing loss?

cochlea damge

what are examples of conductive hearing loss q

impacted wax, a fluid filled middle ear, bone fusion

mixed hearing loss

both a conductive and sensorineural hearing loss at the same time

3 parts of the ear

outer, middle and inner

outer ear is made up of

the pinna, and the ear canal

the middle ear is made up of the

ossicles

what are the ossicles

a set of 3 bones in the inner ear that convert auditory signals to mechanical energy

the inner ear is made up of the

cochlea and semicircular canal

what are the 3 bones of the ossicles?

malles, incus and stapes

what is the auditory pathway

cochlea, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus nucleus, medial geniculate body, auditory cortex.

the tympanic membrane is aka

the ear drum

cranial nerve responsible for hearing

the vestibulocochlear nerve

what are the 3 separate sections of the cochlea?

the scala vestibuli, scala tympani and scala media

which part of the cochlea is in the middle?

the scala media

which part of the cochlea is on top?

the scala vestibuli

which part of the cochlea is on the bottom?

the scala tympana

all 3 sections of the cochlea are

fluid filled

The eustachian tube goes from

the middle ear to the back of the throat.

what is the purpose of the eustachian tube?

to equalize pressure and drain fluid

what is wax known as?

cerumen

What is cerumen ( function/ definition)

a natural substance secreted by the glands in the ear that prtect, lubricate and clean the ear.

Is ear wax the primary or secondary protective measure of the ear?

secondary

What is the progession of energy through the ear?

auditory, mechanical to hydrolic to electrochemical

what part of the cochelea does the stapes rock in and out of?

oval window

Respiration is known as

the power source for speech production

what is the respiration pathway?

mouth/nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs/alveoli

What happens during inhalation?

the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage elevates

What happens during exhalation?

the diaphragm relaxes and lung volume decreases.

The lungs is where

where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.

The larynx is aka

the voice box

Where is the larynx anatomically?

lies at the bottom of the pharynx and on top of the trachea.

what is the purpose of phonation?

to convert respiratory energy to sound energy

the hyoid bone is the only bone

in the body that doesn’t touch anouther bone

the oral cavity is

lips to pharynx

the nasal cavity is

the opening at the nars to pharynx

pharyngeal cavity is

extends rom vocal folds to nasal cavity

velum

covers the opening between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity

eppiglottis

covers the airway when the bolus slides down to the esophogus.

Speech disorders can be

developmental or motor

Developmental speech disorders includes both

articulation and phonological disorders

AAC

augmented and alternative communication; this can be devices or picture cards or any manner of alternative communication

voice

the audible part of speaking

types of disfluency are

repetitoin, prologations, blocks, pauses, revisions

receptive langauge

invovles comprehension and the ability to understand langauge.

Expressive langauge

the ability to express langauge

What does ASHA stand for?

american speech language hearing association; the governing body for SLP’s

Articulatoin

how speech sounds are physically produced using the articulators

fluency

the rythem flow, and rate of speech

voice and resonance

voice quality and how sound resonates

receptive and expressive langauge

how you understand and use langauge

hearing

the impact of hearing loss or auditory processing difficulties on communication

swallowing

the process of moving food from the oral cavity to the stomach

cognitive communication

how thinking skills affect communication

social communication

the use of langauge in social contexts

communication modalities

the systems/methods used to communicate

Stuttering

the most common form of fluency impairment, characterized by unusually high frequency or duration of repetitions, prolongations and/or blockages.

phase one of swallow

anticipatory

anticipatory phase

before food reaches the mouth sensory responses like salivary production increase

oral phase

invovles chewing and movin food around in the mouth to form a bolus. once a bolus is formed, it pushes it to the pharynx with the tongue

oral phase part 1

voluntary; food chewed and mixed with saliva

oral phase part 2

voluntary; tongue pushes the bolus back

what is the second phase in the swallow

oral phase

what is the third phase in swallow

pharyngeal phase

what is the 4th phase in swallow

esophageal phase

pharyngeal phase purpose

to protect the airway and direct the bolus to the stomach

esophageal phase does what?

transport of the bolus to the stomach by the esophagus

what is the wave-like muscles that propel the bolus down the esophogus?

peristalis

aspiration

when a foregin object enters the ariway

dyphagia

muscle weakness

silent aspiratoin

when something enters your airway but your body doesn’t respond to expell it

phonology disorders defined

difficulty understanding and implementing the underlying rules for producing sound and sequences

articulation disorders

can’t produce the sounds at all