Chemistry Unit 3
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35 Terms
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acid-base reactions (neutralization reactions)
form water (H + OH = H2O) and a salt
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gas evolution reactions
form gas as a product (H2CO3 -> H2O + CO2)
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H2CO3
H2O + CO2
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H2SO3
H2O + SO2
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NH4OH
H2O + NH3
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oxidation reduction reaction (redox reaction)
involve the transfer of electronss
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signs of redox reaction
substance reacts with elemental oxygen
metal reacts with nonmetal
one substance transfers electrons to another substance
metal reacts with nonmetal
one substance transfers electrons to another substance
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combustion reaction
a type of redox reaction,
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen form co2 and h2o
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen form co2 and h2o
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theoretical yield
the amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant
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percent yield
actual/theoretical * 100
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ionic bond
electrons are transferred
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covalent bond
electrons are shared
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elemental exceptions to the octet rule
helium and hydrogen (duet rule)
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pauli exclusion principle
orbitals may hold no more than two electrons with opposing spins
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hund's rule
when filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins
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0.0 - 0.4
nonpolar covalent bond0
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0.4 - 2.0
polar covalent bond
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2.0+
ionic bond
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2, 0
linear 180
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3, 0
trigonal planar 120
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2, 1
trigonal planar 120 bent
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4, 0
tetrahedral 109.5
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3, 1
tetrahedral 109.5 trigonal pyramidal
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2, 2
tetrahedral 109.5 bent
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light speed
3.0 * 10.8m/s
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wavelength
the distance between adjacent wave crests
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frequency
the number of cycles of crests that pass through a stationary point in one second
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photon energy
shorter wavelength, greater the energy in this photon
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gamma ray
shortest wavelength photons; are harmful to humans because of their frequency
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relation between wavelength and frequency
inverse: greater wavelength = shorter frequency
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chromium electron configuration
[Ar] 4s1 3d5
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copper electron configuration
[Ar] 4s1 3d10
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atomic size
moving right = decreases, moving down = increases
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ionization energy
moving right = increases, moving down = decreases
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metallic character
(not atomic size) move right = decreases, move down = increases
Note 
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