dc bio cell organelles

Nucleus

eukaryotic; double membrane; has dna

nucleolus

eukaryotic; in nucleus without membrane; produces ribosomes

cytosol

both; soup; where organelles reside; most of cellular metabolism

cytoplasm

both; term for cytosol AND the organelles in it

centrosome

eukaryotic; microtubules organizers; produces microtubules; pair of centrioles; divide into two during cell replication and go onto opposite ends and microtubules grow into spindles to separate chromosomes

centriole

animal; fused microtubules; two of these in one centrosome

golgi

eukaryotic; stack of membrane bound vesicles that package macromolecules for transport; enzyme/hormone contents of lysosomes and peroxisomes and vesicles packaged in membrane bound vesicles of this

lysosome

eukaryotic; has enzymes needed for intercellular digestion; ex. eat bacteria in wbcs; can release contents to digest bacteria; uncontrolled release can cause cell death

perixisomes

eukaryotic; protects cell from production of hydrogen peroxide by breaking it down into water and oxygen; ex. wbcs produce h2o2 to kill bacteria

secretory vesicle

eukaryotic; cell secretions that are transported to cell surface for release

cell membrane

eukaryotic; lipid bilayer (hydrophilic on outside/inside cell; hydrophobic tails on inside of layer); proteins embedded that are responsible for entrance/exit of ions and are receptors

mitochonria

eukaryotic; energy to move, divide, secrete; double membrane; cristae folds to increase surface area; combines sugar and oxygen. to produce atp (primary source of cell energy)

vacuole

eukaryotic; membrane bound; store nutrients, waste, increase cell size, siimilar to lysosomes; regulate turgor pressure in plant cells (rigidity)

cell wall

plant cells; bacterial cells; made up of polysaccharides sometimes cellulose; maintains shape and is a barrier; fluid from cell vacuole pushes aginst cell wall and creates turgor pressure

chloroplast

plant cells; contain chlorophyll (plant’s green color and ability to absorb energy from sun); double membrane; has thylakoids (coin like)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

eukaryotic; network of membrane bound vesicles and tubules; continuation of nuclear membrane; lipid/steroid/hormone synthesis; break down lipid soluble toxins; control calcium release

rough endoplasmic reticulum

eukaryotic; ribosomes on surface; proteins from protein synthesis collect in this for transport

ribosomes

both; pockets of rna and protein; site of protein synthesis; mrna goes to this and then trna adds amino acids to make chain

cytoskeleton

both; maintain cell shape; cell motility; microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate fibers

nucleoid

prokaryotic; bacterial dna, rna, proteins found here; NOT membrane bound

genophere

prokaryotic; bacterial chromosome; double strand of dna in large circle; most of genetic material

endospore

prokaryotic; bacteria survive hostile conditions by bundling genetic materials in here

storage granule

prokaryotic; nutrients and reserves in cytoplasmic inclusions (glycogen, lipids, polyphosphate, sulfur, nitrogen)

cell envelope

prokaryotic; multilayered structure that protects bacteria from hostile environment

capsule

prokaryotic; layer of polysaccharides or proteins that protects bacterial cell; barrier from wbcs

pili

prokaryotic; hairlike; made of protein; forr bacteria to attach to other cells; specialized can transfer plasmid dna

flagella

prokaryotic; motility; long appendages that rotate

plasmodesmata

plants; narrow thread of cytoplasm that allows for cell communication