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Nucleus
eukaryotic; double membrane; has dna
nucleolus
eukaryotic; in nucleus without membrane; produces ribosomes
cytosol
both; soup; where organelles reside; most of cellular metabolism
cytoplasm
both; term for cytosol AND the organelles in it
centrosome
eukaryotic; microtubules organizers; produces microtubules; pair of centrioles; divide into two during cell replication and go onto opposite ends and microtubules grow into spindles to separate chromosomes
centriole
animal; fused microtubules; two of these in one centrosome
golgi
eukaryotic; stack of membrane bound vesicles that package macromolecules for transport; enzyme/hormone contents of lysosomes and peroxisomes and vesicles packaged in membrane bound vesicles of this
lysosome
eukaryotic; has enzymes needed for intercellular digestion; ex. eat bacteria in wbcs; can release contents to digest bacteria; uncontrolled release can cause cell death
perixisomes
eukaryotic; protects cell from production of hydrogen peroxide by breaking it down into water and oxygen; ex. wbcs produce h2o2 to kill bacteria
secretory vesicle
eukaryotic; cell secretions that are transported to cell surface for release
cell membrane
eukaryotic; lipid bilayer (hydrophilic on outside/inside cell; hydrophobic tails on inside of layer); proteins embedded that are responsible for entrance/exit of ions and are receptors
mitochonria
eukaryotic; energy to move, divide, secrete; double membrane; cristae folds to increase surface area; combines sugar and oxygen. to produce atp (primary source of cell energy)
vacuole
eukaryotic; membrane bound; store nutrients, waste, increase cell size, siimilar to lysosomes; regulate turgor pressure in plant cells (rigidity)
cell wall
plant cells; bacterial cells; made up of polysaccharides sometimes cellulose; maintains shape and is a barrier; fluid from cell vacuole pushes aginst cell wall and creates turgor pressure
chloroplast
plant cells; contain chlorophyll (plant’s green color and ability to absorb energy from sun); double membrane; has thylakoids (coin like)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic; network of membrane bound vesicles and tubules; continuation of nuclear membrane; lipid/steroid/hormone synthesis; break down lipid soluble toxins; control calcium release
rough endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic; ribosomes on surface; proteins from protein synthesis collect in this for transport
ribosomes
both; pockets of rna and protein; site of protein synthesis; mrna goes to this and then trna adds amino acids to make chain
cytoskeleton
both; maintain cell shape; cell motility; microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate fibers
nucleoid
prokaryotic; bacterial dna, rna, proteins found here; NOT membrane bound
genophere
prokaryotic; bacterial chromosome; double strand of dna in large circle; most of genetic material
endospore
prokaryotic; bacteria survive hostile conditions by bundling genetic materials in here
storage granule
prokaryotic; nutrients and reserves in cytoplasmic inclusions (glycogen, lipids, polyphosphate, sulfur, nitrogen)
cell envelope
prokaryotic; multilayered structure that protects bacteria from hostile environment
capsule
prokaryotic; layer of polysaccharides or proteins that protects bacterial cell; barrier from wbcs
pili
prokaryotic; hairlike; made of protein; forr bacteria to attach to other cells; specialized can transfer plasmid dna
flagella
prokaryotic; motility; long appendages that rotate
plasmodesmata
plants; narrow thread of cytoplasm that allows for cell communication