TRANG CHP 5 VOCAB

Bail

Money given over to the court in exchange for a suspect's release until his or her trail begins

Capital punishment

Death penalty

Civil liberties

Basic freedoms that one guarantees under the constitution, such as freedom of speech and freedom of abuse

Civil rights

Guarantees of equal rights and equal treatment under the law; not protection from government but must provide to its citizens

Double jeopardy

The prosecution of a person a second time for a crime for which the defendant has already been tried once and not found guilty

Equal Protection Clause

14th Amendment made sure everyone is equal (Defined citizenship and prohibited states from denying due process, equal protections, and other basic rights to citizens)

Incorporation

The process by which the supreme court applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Libel

publishing false information about someone with intent to harm.

Obscenity

Speech offensive to conventional standards of decency

Prior restraint

An attempt by government to prevent the publication or broadcast of material considered harmful

Probable cause

Reasonable suspicion of criminal behavior

Secular

Nonreligious people

Self-incrimination

Statements usually made under oath, suggesting that the person speaking is guilty of a crime

Takings Clause

(5th Amendment) The government may not take private property for public use "without just compensation"

Unenumerated rights

Rights and liberties may exist beyond those listed in the Constitution

Warrant

Written approval from a judge

Slander

orally spreading false information about someone with intent to harm

Symbolic speech

conduct that conveys message without spoken words