AP Gov 50 multiple choice

US V LOPEZ

1995- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Limited federal power under Commerce Clause; federal gun-free school zone law exceeded Congress’s authority.

Effect: Strengthened state sovereignty by restricting federal reach.

GONZALES V OREGON

2006- Clause: Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) and Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2)

Impact: Federal government’s attempt to override Oregon’s law on assisted suicide rejected.

Effect: Supported state regulation of medical practices, limiting federal interference.

GONZALES V RAICH

2005- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Federal government can regulate locally grown marijuana affecting interstate commerce.

Effect: Expanded federal power over state drug laws.

HEART OF ATLANTA MOTEL V US

1964-Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Upheld federal civil rights law banning racial discrimination in public accommodations.

Effect: Expanded federal authority over states in civil rights enforcement.

WICKARD V FILBURN

1942- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Expanded Commerce Clause to include even personal cultivation of wheat because of cumulative economic impact.

Effect: Greatly expanded federal regulatory power.

OBERGELL V. HODGES

2015- Clause: Fourteenth Amendment, Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses (Amendment XIV, Sections 1)

Impact: Federal protection of same-sex marriage rights over state bans.

Effect: Strengthened federal role in protecting individual rights against states.

PRINTZ V US

1997- Clause: Tenth Amendment (Reserves powers to states) and Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)

Impact: Federal government cannot force state officers to enforce federal gun laws.

Effect: Reinforced state sovereignty; limited federal commandeering.

SOUTH DAKOTA V DOLE

1987- Clause: Spending Power (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1)

Impact: Allowed federal government to condition highway funds on states raising drinking age.

Effect: Expanded federal influence via funding, but within limits.

US V MORRISON

2000- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Struck down parts of Violence Against Women Act as beyond Commerce Clause authority.

Effect: Limited federal reach; supported state control over criminal law.

MCCULLOH V MARYLAND

Clauses:

• Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8)

• Supremacy Clause (Article VI)

Issue: Can Congress create a national bank? Can a state tax it?

Decision: Congress can create a national bank (implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause), and Maryland cannot tax it (federal law is supreme).

Effect: Expanded federal power through implied powers and affirmed federal supremacy over state laws.

BARRON V BALTIMORE

Barron v. Baltimore

did not expand the federal government's power but instead limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government

Barron v. Baltimore (1833), the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, held that the Bill of Rights does not apply to state governments.

5th amendment