AP Gov 50 multiple choice

US V LOPEZ

1995- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Limited federal power under Commerce Clause; federal gun-free school zone law exceeded Congress’s authority.

Effect: Strengthened state sovereignty by restricting federal reach.

GONZALES V OREGON

2006- Clause: Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) and Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2)

Impact: Federal government’s attempt to override Oregon’s law on assisted suicide rejected.

Effect: Supported state regulation of medical practices, limiting federal interference.

GONZALES V RAICH

2005- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Federal government can regulate locally grown marijuana affecting interstate commerce.

Effect: Expanded federal power over state drug laws.

HEART OF ATLANTA MOTEL V US

1964-Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Upheld federal civil rights law banning racial discrimination in public accommodations.

Effect: Expanded federal authority over states in civil rights enforcement.

WICKARD V FILBURN

1942- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Expanded Commerce Clause to include even personal cultivation of wheat because of cumulative economic impact.

Effect: Greatly expanded federal regulatory power.

OBERGELL V. HODGES

2015- Clause: Fourteenth Amendment, Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses (Amendment XIV, Sections 1)

Impact: Federal protection of same-sex marriage rights over state bans.

Effect: Strengthened federal role in protecting individual rights against states.

PRINTZ V US

1997- Clause: Tenth Amendment (Reserves powers to states) and Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)

Impact: Federal government cannot force state officers to enforce federal gun laws.

Effect: Reinforced state sovereignty; limited federal commandeering.

SOUTH DAKOTA V DOLE

1987- Clause: Spending Power (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1)

Impact: Allowed federal government to condition highway funds on states raising drinking age.

Effect: Expanded federal influence via funding, but within limits.

US V MORRISON

2000- Clause: Interstate Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)

Impact: Struck down parts of Violence Against Women Act as beyond Commerce Clause authority.

Effect: Limited federal reach; supported state control over criminal law.