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Which of the following is not a unique function of the axial skeleton? used for feeding, houses the CNS, houses the senses, used for breathing, used for sound production (all of the options listed are unique functions of the axial skeleton.

All of the options listed are unique functions of the axial skeleton

Articular capsule

Identify the structure marked A

Mastoid Process; Lambdoid Suture

In the figure above "J" is the ____ and "F" is the ____.

The presence of _______ in bone matrix imparts limited flexibility. _______ deformation of bone results in no change in shape.

Collagen fibers; Elastic

What is the term for the smooth, protective covering on the ends of bones that helps reduce friction in a joint?

Articular cartilage

Which of the following cells are found within lacunae?

osteocyte

Trochanter

large, blunt irregularly shaped proceess

Facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Fossa

Shallow, basin-like depression

Meatus

Canal-like passageway

Process

Any body protrusion

In the figure above letter “___” is the Transverse Process and letter “___” is the Vertebral Body.

F; C

 Identify the joint marked A

talonavicular

Condyle

Articulating surface with another bone

Tubercle

Attachment site for tendons and ligaments

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection for muscle attachment

Epincondyle

Projection above a condyle, serves for muscle attachment

Foramen

Hole/opening in a bone

Synovial fluid is a filtrate of blood plasma with ______ added by synoviocytes.

Hyaluronic acid

In the figure above letter “___” are the False Ribs and letter “___” is the Manubrium.

H,B

Which bone cell breaks down the structural matrix of bone:

Osteoclast

Which of the following is an example of a fibrous joint?

Sutures of the skull

In the figure above letter “___” is the Lateral Epicondyle and letter “___” is the Greater Trochanter.

E; C

Of the following hormones which will stimulate bone growth? Calcitonin, Testosterone, Thyroxine, Estrogen, Growth hormone

All of the listed hormones will stimulate bone growth

Which of the following structures connects the radius and ulna in the forearm?

Interosseous membrane

Based on the figure above identify each bone.

A: Tibia, B: Patella, C: Clavicle, D: Radius

The humorus articulates with which bone?

Ulna

Which of the following bones do not help to form the orbit

Temporal

Which type of joint allows for movement in all three axes (sagittal, frontal, and transverse)?

Ball-and-socked joint

Which bone shape is hollow and/or contains numerous air pockets:

Pneumatized bones

Flexion

Bending the elbow

Extension

Straightening the knee

Abduction

Raising the arm laterally

Adduction

Lower the arm back to the body

What’s A-D in order?

lateral condyle, anterior cruciate ligament, medial menisci, patellar ligament

What is this pointing to?

Talus

In the figure above letter “____” is the Tendon of Palmaris Longus and letter “____” is the Abductor Pollicis Brevis.

P;O

What type of tissue is pictured here?

Skeletal muscle

In the figure above, letter “____” is the Pectineus and letter “____” is the Sartorius.

D; J

In the figure above letter “____” is the Short Head of the Biceps Brachii and letter “____” is the Brachialis.

B; C`

In the figure above letter “____” is the Calcaneal Tendon and letter “____” is the Soleus.

E; C

Agonists

Muscles that perform the primary action of a movement

Antagonists

Muscles that oppose the action of agonists

Synergists

Muscles that assist agonists in performing their action

Fixators

Muscles that stabilize joints and immobilize that origin of the agonist

Endomysium

Surrounds individual muscles fibers

Perimysum

Surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers

Epimysium

Surrounds the entire muscle

Fascia

Connective tissue that surrounds muscles and groups of muscles

 Based on the image above, the letter "___" is the Lateral Rectus and the letter "___' is the Inferior Oblique. 

B; C

Which of the following muscles is not part of the rotator cuff?

Deltoid

In the figure above letter “____” is the Mylohyoid and letter “____” is the Sternothyroid.

A; K

What is the primary role of the T tubules in skeletal muscle fibers?

To transmit action potentials deep into the muscle fiber and facilitate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

When Ca ions enter the muscle fiber they bind to _________. When ATP binds to ________ rigor is ended.

Troponin; myosin

In the figure above letter “____” is the Masseter and letter “____” is the Occipitofrontalis.

Q; A

Which of the following structures stores calcium ions and releases them during muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

In the figure above letter “____” is the M line/disc and letter “____” is the Myosin Head.

E; F

In the figure above, letter “____” is the Latissimus Dorsi and letter “____” is the Serratus Posterior.

G; K

Which component of the neuromuscular junction is responsible for transmitting the signal from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber?

Acetlycholine

What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber called?

Sarcomere

Which muscle acts as the antagonist to the quadriceps femoris muscle group?

Hamstring muscles

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between body parts

Extension

Increasing the angle between body parts

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

Moving a body part towards the midline

Which of the following muscles is/are not part of the muscles of the quadriceps femoris? Select ALL that apply.

Biceps femoris; semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles make up the iliopsoas group? Select ALL that apply.

Iliacus; psoas major

 In the figure above, letter “____” is the Trapezius and letter “____” is the Biceps Brachii.

E; J

In the figure above, letter “____” is the Orbicularis Oris and letter “____” is the Depressor Anguli Oris.

I; L

 In the above image the letter "___" is the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the letter "___" is a terminal cisterna.

C; F

What is the arrow pointing to?

Anterior longitudinal ligament

What type of cell produces synovial fluid?

Synovialcytes

What is the arrow pointing to on this bone?

Epithelial growth plate

Osteoblasts

Bone builders. They make new bone by secreting collagen and other organic components of the bone matrix

Osteocytes

Bone maintainers. These are mature bone cells that maintain bones tissue and sense mechanical stress (like strain from exercise). They help direct where bone should be formed or resorbed

Osteoclasts

They reabsorb (break down) bone by secreting acids and enzymes that dissolve mineral and organic components.This releases calcium and phosphate into the blood

Which one is atlas?

Top

Where does the atlas connect to the axis?

It connects on the dens

What is distinct about the female pelvis when compared to the male pelvis?

The female pelvis has a more ovular shape and the pubic arch is wider. (generally bigger and wider than male)

For the exam, what on the scapula do you need to know about?

Acromion and supraspinous fossa

What region of the illium is the arrow pointing to?

Ischium

What on the foot is the arrow pointing to?

Talus