EXAM psyc 101

Executive Function

Processes that enable goal-directed action and regulation over cognitive processes.

Mental Flexibility

The ability to adapt and switch between different tasks or rules.

Inhibition Task Example

A task where individuals must suppress an automatic response to react appropriately, such as saying 'night' when shown a sun.

Dimensional Card Sorting Test

A test where children sort cards by different dimensions, such as shape or color, to assess their executive function.

Academic Performance Prediction

Executive function is more predictive of academic performance than IQ.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

A disorder characterized by trouble with executive function, impacting attention, focus, and control.

Engagement Continuum

Levels of student engagement, from passive (least engaged) to interactive (most engaged) learning.

Passive Learning

Learning where information is received without any active engagement or action.

Active Learning

Learning that involves some form of action, such as highlighting or note-taking.

Constructive Learning

Learning that involves generating new information or understanding, such as creating a concept map.

Interaction in Learning

Involvement of multiple partners in learning, where ideas and justifications are shared and built upon.

Deep Learning

A process that involves revising mental models and deepening connections with existing knowledge.

Learning Strategies

Techniques that require good executive function and deep engagement with material for effective learning.

Motivation in Executive Function

The need for motivation for children to exert their executive function capabilities, influencing their performance.

Learning Interventions

Strategies that support knowledge, values, and beliefs to enhance executive function in children.

Executive Function

Cognitive processes that allow for goal-directed action, including regulation over cognitive processes, mental flexibility, task switching, and problem-solving abilities.

Learning Strategies

Methods that require good executive function and deep engagement with material, varying from passive learning (receiving information) to active, constructive, and interactive learning.

Theory of Mind

The ability to understand that different people have different beliefs, emotions, and desires, which develops through social interaction and is crucial for empathy.

Word Gap

The difference in word exposure between children from higher-income and lower-income families, often leading to a discrepancy in language processing and development.

Moral Development

Understanding of honesty, deception, and the implications of lying, which evolves with cognitive sophistication and cultural values.