BIO 201- Nervous System (Practice Tests) With complete verified solutions + Rationales

Which of the following best describes the nervous system function of integration?

The nervous system uses its millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body.

The nervous system generates neurons in order to replace or repair damaged neurons; this permits optimal communication between the CNS and the body's effector organs.

The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment.

The nervous system causes a response by activating effector organs, such as the muscles and glands.

The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done at each moment.

What is the primary difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?

The somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.

The autonomic nervous system enables us to control our involuntary muscles, while the somatic nervous system controls our glands.

The somatic nervous system enables us to control our involuntary muscles, while the autonomic nervous system controls our glands.

The autonomic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the somatic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.

The somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Which of the following types of glial cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord, where they help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid?

microglial cells

oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

ependymal cells

ependymal cells

:Which of the following types of glial cells are the most abundant and versatile, and aid in making exchanges between capillaries and neurons?

astrocytes

microglial cells

ependymal cells

oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?

In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed.

Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it.

Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years.

Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells.

Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells.

What is the difference between the clusters of cell bodies called nuclei and those known as ganglia?

Nuclei exist in the CNS, ganglia in the PNS.

Dendrites and axons are both armlike processes that extend from neuron cell bodies. T or F?

true

Which of the following are the main receptive or input regions found in neurons?

neurofibrils

axons

ganglia

dendrites

dendrites

Which of the following is NOT a function of the myelin sheath?

to electrically insulate nerve fibers

to protect nerve fibers

to increase the speed of transmission of nerve impulses

to recapture and recycle released neurotransmitters

to recapture and recycle released neurotransmitters

What is the difference between nerves and tracts?

Bundles of neuron processes are called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS.

Which criterion is used to structurally classify neurons?

the number of processes extending from their cell body

Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of neurons?

sensory

bipolar

multipolar

unipolar

sensory

Which of the following is FALSE regarding motor (efferent) neurons?

Motor (efferent) neurons carry impulses away from the CNS to the effector organs.

The cell bodies of most motor (efferent) neurons are located in the CNS.

Motor (efferent) neurons are bipolar.

Impulses from motor (efferent) neurons cause activity in skeletal muscles and glands.

Motor (efferent) neurons are bipolar.

Which of the following membrane ion channels open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential?

mechanically gated channels

voltage-gated channels

nongated channels

chemically gated channels

voltage-gated channels

An action potential is a phenomenon that either happens completely or doesn't happen at all. T or F?

true

Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination?

cerebral palsy

multiple sclerosis

lupus

muscular dystrophy

multiple sclerosis

Which of the following is FALSE regarding chemical synapses?

They transmit nerve impulses directly from one neuron to another.

They communicate unidirectionally.

Each is composed of an axon terminal and a receptor region.

They possess pre- and postsynaptic membranes separated by a synaptic cleft.

They transmit nerve impulses directly from one neuron to another.

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of neurotransmitters?

direct

excitatory

indirect

chemical

chemical

Which of the following circuit types is exemplified by impulses that travel from a single neuron of the brain, activate one hundred or more motor neurons in the spinal cord, and excite thousands of skeletal muscle fibers?

diverging circuit

reverberating circuit

parallel after-discharge circuit

converging circuit

diverging circuit

Which type of ion channel opens when a chemical binds to it?

chemically gated (ligand-gated) channel

The movement of which ion out of the cell through leakage channels establishes the negative membrane potential?

potassium

Which part of the action potential occurs when the voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivating and voltage-gated K+ channels open?

repolarization

All of the structures of the CNS originate from the __________.

neural tube

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic regions of a cerebral hemisphere?

the basal nuclei

the superficial cortex of gray matter

the internal white matter

the diencephalon

the diencephalon

Choose the true statement regarding pyramidal cells.

They provide control of our involuntary muscles.

They integrate sensory input to produce an understanding of an object being felt.

They are found within the cerebral sulci.

They allow us to control our skeletal muscles.

they allow us to control our skeletal muscles

What is the main role of the olfactory cortex?

detection of odors

Spatial discrimination is the ability to identify the specific region of the body being stimulated. T or F?

true

Which of the following best describes the multimodal association cortex?

It allows us to tie information that we receive to previous experience and knowledge and then helps us decide what action to take.

It regulates our heart and other involuntary muscles in response to environmental stimuli.

It permits the perception of sound stimuli and stores them for future reference.

It integrates sensory input to produce understanding of an object being felt.

It allows us to tie information that we receive to previous experience and knowledge and then helps us decide what action to take.

__________ is a division of labor in which each cerebral hemisphere has unique abilities NOT shared by its partner.

lateralization

__________ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers.

the cerebral white matter

Which of the following is NOT a part of the diencephalon?

epithalamus

hypothalamus

thalamus

perithalamus

perithalamus

Which of the following regulates body temperature, food intake, and endocrine functions?

thalamus

epithalamus

hypothalamus

pineal body

hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain stem?

cerebellum

pons

midbrain

medulla oblongata

cerebellum

Which of the following regions acts as an autonomic reflex center of the brain?

medulla oblongata

pons

midbrain

cerebellum

medulla oblongata

People with __________ lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

narcolepsy

Which of the following meninges forms the loose, mid-layer brain covering?

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

casa mater

arachnoid mater

Which of the following protects the brain from bloodborne metabolic wastes and most drugs?

cerebrospinal fluid

dura mater

pia mater

blood brain barrier

blood brain barrier

Which of the following is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia?

Huntington's disease

Alzheimer's disease

mad cow disease

Parkinson's disease

alzheimers disease

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons?

meningitis

poliomyelitis

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

poliomyelitis

Cerebral palsy may be caused by a temporary lack of oxygen during birth. T or F?

true

Question 20:Anencephaly is a result of incomplete formation of the vertebral arches and can be caused by inadequate folic acid in the maternal diet. T or F?

false

Which of the following are located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord gray matter?

interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

cell bodies of automatic motor neurons

Transection (cross sectioning) of the spinal cord at T3 results in __________.

paraplegia

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

brain

sensory receptors

ganglia

brain

thermoreceptors detect:

temperature

Nociceptors detect:

pain

Photoreceptors detect:

light energy

Mechanoreceptors detect:

stretch

Chemoreceptors detect:

chemicals

Proprioceptors advise the brain of __________.

body movements

Simple receptors that are particularly abundant in epithelia and connective tissue tend to __________.

have nonencapsulated (free) nerve endings

Which of the following have nonencapsulated (free) nerve endings?

lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

muscle spindles

hair follicle receptors

hair follicle receptors

The final level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level.

perceptual

Fast-adapting receptors are called __________.

phasic receptors

Most nerves are able to transmit impulses both to and from the central nervous system. T or F?

true

Most central nervous system axons are able to regenerate following injury. T or F?

true

A nerve that carries autonomic signals away from the central nervous system is classified as a __________.

visceral efferent

Which of the following statements about cranial nerves is FALSE?

The cranial nerves are limited to the head and neck region.

Most cranial nerves serve structures in the head and neck.

In most cases, cranial nerves are named for the structures they serve or for their functions.

The cranial nerves are limited to the head and neck region.

The first two pairs of cranial nerves attach to the __________.

brain stem

forebrain

medulla oblongata

spinal cord