Chemistry-Acids, Bases and Salts

acids + bases -> salts

Types of Acids

Citric-oranges/lemons

Hydrochloric-stomach acid

Nitric-fertilisers

sulfuric-batteries

ethanoic-vinegar

Salts

• ionic compounds with high melting/boiling points 

• soluble in H₂O

• solutions of soluble salts [electrolytes→ conduct electricity and decompose

Indicators

substances which are used to detect the presence of acidic, alkaline or neutral substances.

Colour change given by acids and alkalis with indicators

Methyl orange

Acid-pink

Neutral-orange

Alkaline-yellow

Litmus

acid-red

neutral-purple

alkaline-blue

Phenolphthalein

acid-colourless

neutral-colourless

alkaline-pink

Universal indicator

series of colour changes

not all acids/alkalis have the same strength

basics

• All acids have a pH less than 7

• A solution that has a pH of 7 is neutral

• All alkalis have a pH greater than 7

most common acid formulas in lab

HCl_(aq) / hydrochloric acid

H₂SO_4(aq) /sulfuric acid

HNO_3(aq) / nitric acid

Acids

a substance which releases H⁺ when dissolved in water

strong acids

high concertation of H⁺ ions and ionised completely

• hydrochloric acid

• nitric acid

• sulfuric acid 

liquid-concentrated

aqueous-dilute 

weak acids

low concertation of H⁺ ions and partially ionised

• ethanoic acid

• citric acid

• carbonic acid