AP World Chapter 13

Bantu

A language originating from Africa

Social Hierarchy of the Bantu

Small villages governed by kinship

Ghana

A kingdom in West Africa, known for immense power in the region and riches

Mali Empire

A West African empire, displaced Ghana, known for immense riches.

Songhai Empire

A West African empire, displaced Mali, built around the city of Gao.

Songhai Administrative Policies

Large and elaborate, built by Sunni Ali. Governors ruled over provinces, with a tribute system.

Role of Islam

The Songhai Empire viewed Islam as a way to connect to traders in the north. However, they didn’t abandon traditional religious practices.

Fall and Fracture of Songhai

The empire fell because of military invasion. This was unable to be repealed due to gunpowder weapons. The empire then led to new city states taking its place.

Kanem-Bornu

A kingdom centered around Lake Chad, where they exerted their influence.

Hausa Kingdoms

A network of city states who established thriving commercial areas.

Oyo and Asante

Built powerful regional kingdoms in the forest south of grasslands.

Decline of Swahili city-states

First engaged in combat with Portuguese forces, they were later forced to pay tribute.

Kingdom of the Kongo

A kingdom that dominated central Africa

The Kingdom of Ndongo

A powerful kingdom in South Africa, called Angola by the Europeans.

Great Zimbabwe

A kingdom in modern day Zimbabwe, dominant in South Africa

Fulani

South African Muslims worried about purity of Islam, were originally a pastoral people

Atlantic Slave Trade

A process that linked Africa to the Americas, considered the most impactful of of all others.

Triangular Trade

A result of the demand of labor in the Western Hemisphere. Named due to 3 legs of the journey.

1st leg of Triangular Trade

European ships carry manufactured goods to Africa, where they were exchanged for slaves

2nd leg of Triangular Trade

The second leg saw the slaves bought in leg 1 transferred to the Caribbean islands or the Americas.

3rd leg of Triangular Trade

Merchants sold the slaves to plantation owners. They would often receive cash, but in sugar colonies, they traded sugar and molasses.

Middle Passage

The transatlantic journey for slaves. They were often forced into filthy and crowded ships.

Social Effects of the Slave Trade

Caused a severe population decline and then resurgence due to dietary changes. The gender imbalance was also profound. This led to polygyny.

Political Effect of the Slave Trade

Trading for weapons caused military power to grow, demonstrating the potential of the slave trade to make Africa better.

African Diaspora

The dispersal of African peoples and their descendants.

Plantations

Large farms to grow cash crops like tobacco, sugar, and cotton

Maroon Comunities

Small towns made of maroons, which were runaway slaves, protected by landscape.

Haitian Revolution

The only successful slave revolt, where slaves took over the French territory of Saint-Domingue.

Creole Languages

Languages that blended African and European Languages

Religion in Africa

It was a blend of old African Religion and the new imported religions

Abolition of Slavery

The process was long and drawn out, with the British abolishing it in 1833, 1848 in France, 1865 in America, 1886 in Cuba, and 1888 in Brazil. Saudi Arabia and Angola didn’t abolish until 1960’s.\