Poli 283 - Midtern 1 discussion questions

A World System Theorist would favour which of these policies?

A restriction on the Global North's economy in order to ignite the Global South's economy.

What theory of global politics would hold the position that global politics is a "zero-sum game"?

Realism

The U.S proposes the implementation of a new trade agreement with Ghana for their natural resources which will be used by the U.S to build a new fleet of commercial aircraft. Ghana accepts the trade agreement because the selling of these resources helps boost their economy. What Theory is best illustrated in this agreement?

Liberalism

Scientist Harold Lasswell (1936) defined ______ as a factor in global politics that explain(s) who gets what, when and how. While much has changed in contemporary Global Politics, what remains the primary mechanism used by actors of various types to pursue their interests and agendas?

Power

Which of the following is true about Liberalism?

Values the emphasis of cosmopolitanism

Which political theory is focused on cooperation and creating a positive sum game in global politics?

Liberalism

Which of the following views do neorealists believe is the primary reason for "perpetual conflict" in global politics?

There is an anarchic international system

Which of the following statements is the best answer to defining power as being an aspiration?

Power as an aspiration is something an actor seeks and looks to acquire in order to pursue one's own agenda and goals.

Which system of polarity best reflects the realist approach to balance-of-power theory?

Multipolarity

WHAT BEST DESCRIBES REALISM?

Realism is based on the view that the world is driven by competitive self-interest and the pursuit of power.

B. Realism emphasis on cooperation, international institutions, and the potential for shared values to shape international behavior.

Which definition best suits the concept of "soft power"?

A states ability influence other states through non-coercive means.

There are many different types of actors interacting within Global Politics. Which of the actors mentioned below are not sovereign, non-profit, and likely to have individuals as members who organize around specific issues?

Non-Governmental Organizations

The Peace of Westphalia ultimately gave small European states the ability to do which of the following:

Put an end to the rule of the Holy Roman Empire and other higher authorities, effectively granting state sovereignty.

Neorealism theorists are most likely to believe which of the following:

If one country has a built-up military, the rest of the world's countries are forced to follow suit in an effort preserve national security.

According to a world systems theorist what is global politics driven by:

Economics through the spread of capitalism

Dependency Theory is a derivative of which of the following global political theories:

World Systems Theory

What is the meaning of civil society?

Civil society stands for private groups and organizations that work between the individual and the state.

In reference to the Realist perspective in the Security Dilemma, when a realist state acts the result would be:

States end up less secure because of the chain reaction of security policies taken after the original state acts

Which theory supports the view that competitive self-interest and a struggle for power among states as each tries to preserve or improve its military security and economic welfare is the central dynamic of world politics?

Realist theory

When it comes to global politics the theory of Liberalism emphasizes a positive-sum game. What constitutes a positive-sum game?

Both actors benefit through cooperation.

Organizations who are formal legal entities distinct from the state, often operating for not profit, and primarily composed of individuals are:

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

In realist international relations theory, the main actors are:

Sovereign States

Which of the following would a Realist consider the main drawback to Neoliberalism

Complex interdependence

Which of the following is NOT a classical realist perspective?

The cause of conflict in global politics is a result of the anarchic structure of the global system.

The study of gender in the area of international relations primarily focuses to:

Analyze how gender influences and affects the power dynamic in global politics

Realists believe the concept of power to best be described as a "zero sum game." This phrase means...

Realism promotes a competitive dynamic between actors in the form of states in an effort to maintain a constant system of power. Realists believe that a gain for one particular actor is inevitably a loss for another one. According to this ideology, the possession of power directly correlates to a greater status and ultimate win.

Which theory says that global politics must be a positive-sum game?

Liberalism

What would a Neoliberalist most likely say about commerce between states?

Commerce between states is a key part of the complex interdependence which ties states together.

Constructivists emphasize the importance of:

The evolution of interests as a result of social interactions

What do Dependency Theory and Hegemony have in common?

Other states are dependant on the Hegemon, who sets the rules of trade in order to benefit themselves

A situation arises where an individual makes a decision that may result in a negative outcome. However, this individual attempts to justify their choice by overestimating the outcome of success. This could be referred to as

Optimistic bias

What is the biggest evolution of neoliberal theory from Classical Liberal Theory?

The emphasis on establishing international and regional organizations or treaties for greater complex interdependence

Which of the following best describes the concept of hegemony?

A system ruled predominantly by a single actor who possesses the ability to set the 'rules of the game' for other actors within the system and is objectively just in doing so.

What is the view of Constructivism?

Changing ideas, norms, and identities of global actors shape global politics

This ideology (or ideologies) utilizes power in a way that focuses on the material assets that they both have and are willing to use and neglect the value within international relations;

Realists

Which of these polarity of power systems best describes the Cold War?

Bipolar System

Which of the following would be most unlikely under a realist perspective of the world?

Globalization of the world economy and interdependence between nations for resources

Which theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal interactions and communication of ideas within the global state?

Constructivism - This is the right answer because it believes that social life and behaviour are constructed by constantly evolving ideas and norms created through social interaction within the global state.

The world trade organization is a global body that operates around the world, its purpose is to promote free trade to countries that are members of its services making it a ________?

Intergovernmental Organization

________ is the demonstration of implicit power through reliance on persuasion.

Soft Power

Which of the following is a view that a Constructivist would most likely hold:

Societal behavior develops from the interactions and sharing of ideas within a social domain?

Which of the following events is an example of a conflict caused by fragmentation?

The Yugoslav Wars

What is the significance of state-level analysis?

To understand how the characteristics of states and their decision-making processes influence global politics.

One of the core tenets of liberalism is:

a belief in absolute gains

What is the difference between classical liberalism and neoliberalism?

Classical Liberalism promotes a laissez - faire economics while neoliberalism promotes capitalism and is highly constructive.

In a country with high amounts of neoliberalism what will be more prominent amongst society?

Increase in those with mental and psychological problems when financially struggling

Which of the following statements best describes difference between realism and liberalism?

Realism views the international system as anarchic and states as primarily motivated by self-interest, while Liberalism believes in the potential for cooperation, shared values, and the role of international organizations.

What political theory is extended to world systems theory?

Marxism

"Cosmopolitanism is advocated by which of the following theories?"

Liberalist theory

A contest in which gains by one player can only be achieved by equal losses of other players is known as:

Zero-sum game

What is a component of the World Systems Theory?

Business friendly policies supported by states and IOs have replaced colonialism.

What is the meaning of cognitive consistency when looking at the cognitive factors in individual-level analysis?

Looking for evidence that supports a claim and disregards contradicting information.

Which term described in the textbook is best representative of the idea that "if I win, you must lose" held by realists?

Zero-sum

Which of the following perspectives does Classical Realism and Neorealism have in common?

Every country must rely on its own strength for security

Which global politics theory focuses on the power of norms to explain rationality?

Constructivism

Which of the following serves as the societal framework for which foreign policy options are inside or outside the scope of acceptability in state-level analysis?

The long-standing values and practices of a country

Which theory supports the view of an economic society brought by the spread of capitalism and characterized by a hierarchy of countries and regions based on a gap in economic circumstances?

World Systems Theory

Which of the following statement accurately reflects a characteristic of regime authority?

Decision-making in regime authority is generally concentrated in a small cadre.

Classical realists would agree most with which of the following statements?

Human beings will ultimately always act in their own self-interest, and turn towards violence if it serves their needs (especially in dire situations)

The Concept of "high-value, low probability" in terms of global politics, refer to which of the following circumstances?

Political events that contain a significant consequence that is very unlikely to happen

How many powerful actors are within the Bipolar system?

Two dominant actors

Which of the following ideas is rooted the most with a classical liberalism perspective?

The idea that humans are rational, and able to progress

Within this course, liberalism is understood as:

A theory in which a positive-sum game is possible

Liberalism can be defined as?

A theory that defines in political and social for individual rights, liberty, provide equal opportunities and limited government intervention in people's live.

Which of the following statements supports the World Systems Theory?

Global economic plays an interdependence role in shaping the economic and political relation among nations.

When a state has the material assets and the willingness to use those assets, this is defined as:

Objective power

When talking about Global Politics as a whole, Neorealism emphasises________________.

The importance of the state, national interest, and the struggle for power

A Constructivist theorist would agree strongly with:

States act through underlying behaviors that dictate their interests.

Which of the following describes the common relation between neoliberalism and hegemony?

Though they use different systems to form their set regulations, both neoliberalism and hegemony rely upon a set of "rules of the game" in hopes of ensuring seamless cooperation between states.

What did the Treaty of Westphalia grant to the small states in Europe?

Sovereignty

Nativism can be best differentiated from xenophobia because:

Nativism is a political ideology or policy stance that prioritizes the interests and rights of native-born or long-standing residents of a country over those of immigrants or newcomers.

_________________ is when our nationalist sense of difference and separateness can limit our sense of responsibility or concern for the "other".

Parochialism

Formal legalised entities that are distinct from the state and that are non-profit organisations can be summed up as:

Nongovernmental organisations

Which international relations theory(s), was involved in the Cuban missile crisis during the Cold War?

Realism, Constructivism, and Liberalism

Which of the following theorists would be the most likely to hold the view that global politics is defined by economic relations?

World Systems Theorist

Why do realists tend to dismiss soft power?

State goals are ineffectively and independently achieved with the use of soft power.

All of the following are pre-requisites for a nation, except:

Sovereignty

Which one of the following definitions of National Interest best fit a Modern Realists perspective?

National Interest is whatever enhances or preserves a states security, influence, military and economic power.

Which of the following statements most thoroughly describes the feminist theory perspective?

Understanding the gender inequality in relations in global politics between men and women.

Which of the following ideas is represented in the state-level analysis approach?

A state's elements of power, including military might and wealth, depend on factors such as the type and efficacy of the government, natural resource endowments, technological infrastructure, and demographic characteristics.

In regard to the prisoner's dilemma, which outcome would be the best for a prisoner using a realist thought process?

The realist prisoner cooperates with the police and the other prisoner doesn't, (Realist gets 2 years, other prisoner gets 20 years).

In the global systems, who holds the most authority?

States

The difference between hard power and soft power is:

Soft power is the power that allows states to function, while hard power is the power that allows states to negotiate.

What political theory best describes the motivations behind the conflict between Russia and Ukraine?

Realism

Which of the following terms regarding individual level analysis is defined as: "the concept that rational choices of individuals are bound or limited by time pressures, imperfect information, and biases that influence those choices?"

Bounded rationality

Nations are best described as:

A community of people with a unique shared identity and demographic similarity

What factor or variety of factors dictate the level of involvement each state has in global politics?

History, Geographical Location and Power

Countries in the Global South are taken advantage of by the Global North to keep them weak for economic gain, the countries in the Global South that are being exploited are called...

The periphery

Which of the following theories is reflective of the idea that interests and identities are the total sum of our interactions with one another and supports the idea "anarchy is what states make of it."

Constructivism

How would a supporter of realism most likely view power in global politics?

Power as a zero-sum game

Which of the following best describes the core principles of realism in international relations?

Realism emphasises state power, self-interest, and the pursuit of security through strategies like the balance of power.

According to Classical realists...?

The primacy of self-interest over values, the obligation of sovereignty to rule with force when necessary.

"Some favour a concerted and assertive effort to expand and promote liberalism, even forcibly if need be- a strand known as_______." This statement supports which of the following ideologies?

Liberal Internationalism

World Systems theory is strongly based on:

Inequality

Which of the following BEST represents an actor that has private enterprises for production in numerous countries and can potentially bring enough annual income to challenge a state

Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

Which of the following actors is primarily composed of individuals and operates not for profit?

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

A realist is most likely to support which of the following approaches?

In the struggle for power, a gain for one country is inevitably a loss for others

In global politics the idea that human nature is unchanging comes from which theory?

Realism

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cognitive consistency, as described in the textbook?

Decision-makers in London and Washington are convinced that Saddam Hussein's regime in Baghdad intends to buy uranium from Africa, a strategy reflective of the negative images of Hussein on the global stage, despite intelligence from UN officials that say otherwise.

Realists concur the ideas known as a zero-sum game. From the examples below, which illustrates the concept of a zero-sum game?

Two individuals play a game of tennis. Player A wins with 40 points, while Player B loses with 30 points.