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Middle Kingdom

Period in Egypt around 2055–1650 BCE characterized by political stability, expansion into Nubia, and cultural flourishing.

Mentuhotep II

Founder of the Middle Kingdom; reunified Egypt after the First Intermediate Period.

Senusret III

Pharaoh known for military campaigns in Nubia and building fortresses to secure resources.

Hyksos invasion

Foreign incursion that marked the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the Second Intermediate Period.

New Kingdom

Period from approximately 1550–1070 BCE marked by military expansion, wealth, and monumental building.

Ahmose I

Pharaoh who expelled the Hyksos and founded the 18th Dynasty, initiating the New Kingdom.

Thutmose III

Pharaoh known for aggressive expansion into Nubia and the Levant, integrating them into Egypt.

Hatshepsut

Female pharaoh who focused on trade with Punt and monumental building projects.

Military presence in the Levant

Maintained by Egypt during the Middle Kingdom to secure borders and prevent incursions from Asiatic groups.

Economic assets

Foreign regions that, once controlled by Egypt, provided wealth and manpower.