Personality stability, Development, & change ll

Individual differences

rate,timing, direction of trait.

small but significant across all life stages.

biggest occuring in emerging sdulthood.

Reasons for individual differences

• everybody has different experiences 

• same experiences may have different events 

• cultural norms & expectations differ 

Machiavellianism

compatible with extant literature.

• peaks in adolescence,

• decreases throught adulthood,

• slight upstick after retirement.

Humility

• stagation in adolescence (versus disruption)

• maturation throught adulthood

• Brief blip around retirement followed by recovery

Goals - young adults

focused on preparation for the future - personal growth

Goals - Older adults

preservation, communal connections

Buchinger Longitudinal study - key findings

• economic achivements codevelop positively with E and C

• Personal growth positively with O, E, and negatively with N

• communal goals codevelop positively with A

most common change from goals

Increase EC

decrease N

Volitional personality

The intentional process of chainging your personality traits to achieve your goals 

Personality change intervention effectiveness

E, N and C are the largest that are affected.

effects are long lasting.