Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

These flashcards cover key concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance, including body fluid compartments, hormonal regulation, electrolytes, and conditions of fluid imbalance.

Body Fluid Compartments

The compartments within the body where fluids are stored, primarily including extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF).

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

The fluid found outside of cells, consisting of plasma and interstitial fluid, which surrounds cells and transports substances.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

The largest fluid compartment in the body, serving as a solvent for intracellular chemical reactions.

Dehydration

A condition where the total volume of body fluids is less than normal, often due to fluid output exceeding intake.

Overhydration

A state in which the total volume of body fluids is greater than normal, typically due to fluid intake exceeding output.

Electrolytes

Compounds that dissociate in water to form ions, which are essential for various bodily functions, including nerve conduction and muscle contraction.

Nonelectrolytes

Organic substances that do not dissociate in water solution, such as glucose.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone that increases kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium and water, thereby helping to maintain fluid balance.

Aldosterone

A hormone from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium reabsorption in kidney tubules, which helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.

Hypernatremia

A condition characterized by a blood sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L.

Hyponatremia

A condition characterized by a blood sodium level less than 136 mEq/L.

Hyperkalemia

A condition with a blood potassium level greater than 5.1 mEq/L.

Hypokalemia

A condition with a blood potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.

Hypercalcemia

A condition with abnormally high blood calcium levels.

Hypocalcemia

A condition with abnormally low blood calcium levels.

Fluid Intake Sources

The ways through which fluid enters the body, including liquids consumed, water in food, and metabolic water.

Fluid Output Sources

The ways through which fluid exits the body, including urine, sweat, water vapor, and water in feces.