TOXIC METALS TOXI LEC FINALS

NICKEL

Contact Dermatitis, Nickel carbonyl poisoning, Leukocytosis

ARSENIC

Neurological effect

Damage to mucous membrane of GIT irritation

Anemia and Leucopenia

Fever, anorexia, Hepatomegaly, Melanosis, Cardiac arrhythmia

Fatal cases: Cardiac failure

Chronic Toxicity: Skin is the major target organ

CADMIUM

Severe irritation to the GI epithelium, Nausea, Vomiting & Abdominal pain

Ingestion > Acute pneumonitis with Pulmonary edema

Inhalation Chronic poisoning: Repeated exposure to low level > Renal injury, Obstructive pulmonary disease, Osteoporosis, Cardiovascular disease > Cancer

LEAD

> Lead encephalopathy

> Peripheral neuropathy footdrops

> wristdrop Acute lead nephrotoxicity ■ consist of proximal tubular dysfunction ■ Can be reverse by the treatment of chelating agent

> Chronic lead nephrotoxicity ■ Consist of Interstitial fibrosis and progressive Nephron loss azotemia & Renal failure ■ Hyperuricemia with gout

MERCURY

Mercury vapor - Affect in CNS gives Asthenic-generative syndrome or Micromercurialism

> Inorganic Mercury - Major target: Kidney - May develop proteinuria that is irreversible after the inorganic mercury are removed from ptx.

> Methyl Mercury - known Neurotoxicants - Induces Neurotoxicity which is manifested by Neurasthenia (increase fatigue of ptx) - Vision & Hearing loss & Spasticity & Tremor that may progress to Coma and Death

- Cause: Paresthesia & Ataxia manifested by Clumsiness of the ptx or Stumbling gait, Difficulty in Swallowing and Articulating words

- Acute effects: Cerebral edema

COPPER

Ingestion in excess can cause GI distress > manifested by: Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain

> Ingestion of large amount of Copper salts or the Copper sulfate = Copper sulfate >3mg Cu/L may produce Hepatic necrosis and Death

IRON

Erythropoiesis (production of RBC) > helps in producing our RBC however severe toxicity is caused by ingestion of 0.5 g of Iron or 2.5 g of ferrous sulfate. This usually occurs 1 to 6 hours after ingestion

Symptoms: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea & Vomiting that may progress to Pallor or Cyanosis, worst are Metabolic acidosis & Cardiac collapse & Death

ZINC

Tremor, Muscle hyper irritability, Ataxia

> CNS disorders: manifestation is patient Blackout, Epileptic seizures, Slurred speech, Coma psychosomatic retardation & increase Thirst

> Cardiovascular disturbances: Cardiac arrhythmia, Hypertension, Circulatory collapse

> GI symptoms: Anorexia, Nausea & Vomiting

> Renal damage: sign is ALBIMINURIA and GLYCOSURIA - It means Protein and Sugar in urine

PLATINUM

Hypersensitivity reactions: include Urticaria, Contact dermatitis, & Respiratory distress (usually ranges irritation to an Asthmatic syndrome following exposure to Platinum dust)

> Platinosis: Skin & Respiratory changes particularly on industrial exposure to soluble compounds such as Sodium chloroplatinat