AH Unit 9: Social Movements in the U.S.

Great Society

Programs created under President Johnson to improve the lives of Americans, especially the poor

Medicare and Medicaid

Government provided medical aid to the elderly (Medicare) and the poor (Medicaid).

Immigration Act of 1965

Ended the immigration quota system which lead to more immigrants coming from Asia, Africa, and South America

Civil Rights Act of 1964

banned segregation in all public places

Voting Rights Act of 1965

banned voting restrictions like poll taxes and literacy tests, helped African Americans vote

Equal Rights Amendment

Proposed addition to the Constitution to protect equality for women but it did not get enough states to vote for it so it failed

Stonewall Uprising

This led to the start of the gay rights movement in the U.S.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; works for the equality of African Americans

NOW

National Organization of Women, works to achieve equality for women

SNCC

Student group created during Civil Rights Movement to fight for more rights for African Americans

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, civil rights organization led by Martin Luther King Jr.

AIM

American Indian Movement. demanded greater rights for Native Americans and better conditions on the reservations.

UFW

(United Farm Workers) A labor union that used nonviolent tactics to gain more rights for farm workers

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

A federal agency created to work toward reducing pollution and protecting the environment

Betty Friedan

Wrote the Feminine Mystique and helped create NOW. Her book helped begin the women’s movement

Cesar Chavez

Helped begin the United Farm Workers

Dolores Huerta

Helped begin the United Farm Workers

Rachel Carson

Wrote a book about danger of pesticides which helped start the environmental movement

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

allowed President Johnson to send US troops to South Vietnam

Domino Theory

the idea that if a nation falls under communist control, nearby nations will also fall under communist control; led to increased involvement in Vietnam

Vietcong

South Vietnamese who fought against the U.S. and wanted to reunite with North Vietnam

Tet Offensive

a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968; helped to start to turn more people against the Vietnam War

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixons strategy for gradually withdrawing American troops and allowing the South Vietnamese to fight for themselves

Kent State Shootings

The National Guard troops fired at a group of students during an antiwar protest at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four people.

War Powers Act

Attempt by Congress to limit the war making powers of the President

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Network of paths that North Vietnam used to provide supplies for the Vietcong

Martin Luther King Jr

One of the leaders of the civil rights movement who promoted nonviolent /peaceful protests to help gain more rights

segregation

separation of races

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools is not allowed

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Gave the President the power to send troops to Vietnam