Research Methods in Psychology- Final Exam

What are probability sampling techniques?

methods for selecting a sample from a population where everyone has an equal chance of being chosen

Ex: simple random sampling

Simple Random Sampling

each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected

Cluster Sampling

breaks the population into a set of familiar groups (clusters) from which a random sample of these clusters is chosen

Face validity

the extent to which a test or measure appears to measure what it’s supposed to; whether the items seem relevant and appropriate

Construct validity

The extent to which the measured variable actually measures the conceptual variable that it is designed to measure

Convergent validity

The extent to which the measured variable is found to be related to other measured variables designed to measure the same conceptual variable

Discriminant validity

The extent to which a measured variable is found to be unrelated to other measured variables designed to assess different conceptual variables

Content validity

The extent to which the measured variable appears to have adequately covered the full domain of the conceptual variable

Criterion validity

The extent to which self-report measure correlates with a behavior measured variable

Predictive validity

The extent to which a self-report measure correlates with (predicts) a future behavior

Concurrent validity

The extent to which a self-report measure correlates with a behavioral measure that are assessed at the same time

Null hypothesis

the default statement that there is no significant effect, difference, or relationship between variables

Alternate hypothesis

the statement that there is a significant effect, relationship or difference between variables that directly contradicts the null hypothesis

Type I error

when we reject the null hypothesis, but it’s actually true

Type II error

when we don’t reject (accept) the null hypothesis, but it’s actually false

Inferential statistics

-branch of statistics that uses sample data to make educated guesses, predictions, and generalization about a larger population

The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is used to assess the association between ___

two quantitative variables

meta-analysis

combining data from multiple, separate studies on the same topic to get a more precise and reliable result

predictor variable

variable used to estimate or explain changes in another variable

multiple regression

method to predict a single outcome (dependent variable) using two or more influencing factors (independent variables)

Independent variable

the variable that is changed, controlled or selected by the researcher to observe its effect

Dependent variable

the variable that is measured to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable

Inverse correlation

relationship where two variables move in opposite directions; as one variable increases, the other decreases

What r value is a strong positive correlation?

value close to +1.0

ANOVA

test used in research to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent groups

A 2×2×3 design has

three factors and twelve conditions

A 5×6×2 design has

three factors and sixty conditions