resp micro pt 2

What bacteria?

grape-like odor

pseudomonas aeruginosa

What bacteria?

virulence: increased in acidic environments, phospholipase C, LPS endotoxin, and exotoxin

pseudomonas aeruginosa

What bacteria?

produces blue-green pigment (pyocyanin) on agar

pseudomonas aeruginosa

What bacteria?

cystic fibrosis pts

pseudomonas aeruginosa

What bacteria?

assocaited with healthcare-associated infections via mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation

acinetobacter baumannii

What bacteria are associated with healthcare-associated and ventilator associated pneumonia? (5)

pseudomonas aeruginosa

acinetobacter baumannii

E coli

serratia marcescens

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staph aureus

What bacteria?

Virulence: K capsule, fimbriae, and LPS endotoxin

E coli

What bacteria?

altered penicillin-binding proteins due to mecA gene

MRSA (methicillin resistant staph aureus)

What bacteria?

aspiration pneumonia

actinomyces israelli

What bacteria?

gram +, branching filaments, yellow “sulfur” granules

actinomyces israelli

What bacteria?

normally in GI tract/mouth and usually associated with dental caries/extractions; if aspirated can cause pneumonia

actinomyces israelli

What bacteria are associated with immunocompromised host/structural lung disease? (3)

nocardia asteroides

mycobacterium tuberculosis

burkholderia cepacia

What bacteria?

virulence: cord factor

nocardia asteroides

What bacteria?

causes subacute to chronic pulm infections in immunocompromised that can disseminate to other organs and can mimic TB but negative PPD test

nocardia asteroides

How do we treat a nocardia asteroides infection?

sulfonamides

What bacteria?

virulence: cord factor (activates macrophages) and sulfatides (inhibit phagolysosome fusion)

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis usually infects the ___ lobes, but may reactivate and spread to ____

initially in middle and lower lobes, can spread to upper lobes

What bacteria?

ghon complex, ghon focus, hilar lymphadenopathy, Ranke complex

mycobacterium tuberculosis

If we see a ghon complex (caseating granuloma and spread to lymph nodes) we should think what type of TB?

primary TB

pts who had the BCG vaccine can show ___ on TST (PPD)

pts who are very immunocompromised can have ____ on TST (PPD)

to combat this ____

BCG: false +

immunocomp: false -

do IGRA (blood test) instead

miliary TB is ____ disseminated

hematogenously disseminated

For latent TB treat with ____

for active TB treat with ____

latent: R or I

active: RIPE for 2 months then RI for 4 months (6 months total)

What bacteria?

causes pneumonia in pts with underlying lung disease such as cystic fibrosis

burkholderia cepacia

What bacteria are associated with zoonotic/occupational exposures? (4)

Coxiella burnetii

bacillus anthracis

francisella tularensis

yersinia pestis

What bacteria?

inhaled as aerosol from cattle/sheep amniotic fluid/urine/feces, or soil

coxiella burnetii

What bacteria?

toxins: lethal toxin and edema toxin

bacillus anthracis

What bacteria?

inhalation of spores → flulike sx that rapidly progress to fever, pulm hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock

bacillus anthracis

What bacteria?

Woolsorter’s disease

bacillus anthracis

How do we treat bacillus anthracis infection?

ciprofloxacin

What bacteria?

disease transmitted through ticks, rabbits, and deer flies

inflammatory ulcerating papule develops

inhalation of infective aerosol → pneumonia

francisella tularensis

How do we treat francisella tularensis infection?

streptomycin or gentamycin

What bacteria?

transmitted by fleas; primary pneumonic plague; pt can develop buboes

yersinia pestis

How do we treat yersinia pestis infection?

streptomycin or gentamycin

What bacteria?

virulence: poly-D-glutamate capsule inhibiting phagocytosis

bacillus anthracis

What bacteria?

gram - rod, indole +, mannitol fermenter

E coli

What bacteria?

gram -, cat +, slow fermenter on macconkey agar, red pigment

serratia marcescens

What bacteria?

gram +, branching filament, urease +, weakly acid fast

nocardia asteroides

What bacteria?

aerobic rod, does not gram stain well, lowenstein-jensen medium

mycobacterium tuberculosis

What bacteria?

Q fever

coxiella burnetii

What bacteria?

charcoal yeast extract agar, facultative intracellular

francisella tularensis

What bacteria?

gram - bacillus, nonmotile, facultative intracellular anaerobe, hairpin-like appearance

yersinia pestis

What bacteria?

medusa head appearance

bacillus anthracis