Stages and Sleep in Psych/Soc

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal Operational

List Piaget’s Stages of Learning

Sensorimotor ages

0-2

Preoperational ages

2-7

Concrete operational ages

7-11

Formal operational ages

11+

Sensorimotor

What Piaget stage is Object permanence?

Sensorimotor

What Piaget stage is stranger anxiety?

Preoperational

What Piaget’s stage is learning symbols and language, egocentric, no logical reasoning

Concrete Operational

What Piaget stage is logical thinking about concrete events; conservation; math?

Formal operational

What Piaget stage is abstract/ moral reasoning

Oral (0-2)

Anal (2-3)

Phallic (3-7)

Latency (7-11)

Genital (11+)

What are Freud's stages of personality?

Oral, 0-2

Name the Freud stage and age is gratification by mouth/babbling

Anal, 2-3

Name the Freud stage and age is pleasure by control of elimination?

Phallic, 3-7

Name the Freud stage and age is: aware of sexuality; pleasure through genitals; Oedipus/Electra complex

Latency, 7-11

Name the Freud stage and age is: no sexual urges; increased interest in school, friends, sports, etc

Genital, 11+

Name the Freud stage and age is: Sexual interest resurfaces and fuel activates/ social life

Id

Energy/instincts; ruled by pleasure principle

The pleasure principle; the ego

What is the id ‘ruled by’?

Ego

Ruled by the reality principle; logical thinking to control id

The reality principle

What rules the ego?

Superego

inhibits id; influences ego to follow moralistic/idealistic goalS

Oral (0-2)
Anal (2-3)
Phallic (3-7)
Latency (7-11)
Genital (11+)

put in order with ages: oral, genital, phallic, anal, latency

in order:

Erikson’s Stages of Personality

Trust v. Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy v. Doubt/Shame (2-3)
Initiative v. Guilt (4-6)
Industry v. Inferiority (7-12)
Identity v. Role-Confusion (2-19)
Intimacy v. Isolation (19-35)
Generativity v. Stagnation (35-55)
Ego Integrity v. Despair (55+)

Generativity v. stagnation; 35-55

What Erickson stage and ages: helping next generation and resolving differences between dreams and accomplishments

Ego integrity v. despair, 55+

What Erickson stage and ages: looking back on life and emerging with wisdom

Trust v. Mistrust,

Autonomy v. Doubt/Shame

Initiative v. Guilt

Industry v. Inferiority

Identity v. Role-Confusion

Intimacy v. Isolation

Generativity v. Stagnation

Ego Integrity v. Despair

put in order:

Identity v. Role-Confusion,

Initiative v. Guilt,

Trust v. Mistrust,

Generativity v. Stagnation,

Ego Integrity v. Despair,

Intimacy v. Isolation,

Industry v. Inferiority,

Autonomy v. Doubt/Shame

Trust v. Mistrust

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (0-1)

Autonomy v. Doubt/Shame

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (2-3)

Initiative v. Guilt

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (4-6)

Industry v. Inferiority

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (7-12)

Identity v. Role-Confusion

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (12-19)

Intimacy v. Isolation

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (19-35)

Generativity v. Stagnation

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (35-55)

Ego Integrity v. Despair

Erikson’s Stage Ages: (55+)

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Level 1 - pre-conventional morality (children)
Level 2 - conventional morality (adults)
Level 3 - post-conventional morality (few attain)

Pre-conventional Morality

Morality judged by consequences to self

Children

When does pre-conventional morality occur?

2 stages of pre-conventional morality

stage 1 = obedience/punishment
stage 2 = individual interest

Conventional morality

morality judged by comparing actions to society's expectations (adults)

Conformity (driven by social approval)

Stage 3 of Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Law and Order (driven by obeying authority)

Stage 4 of Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Social constructs (rules are there for a greater good)

Stage 5 of Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Universal human ethics

Stage 6 of Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky: skill/ abilities that have not fully developed, yet are in the process of development. The skills require the help from a more knowledgeable other

Projection

Defense mechanism individuals attribute undesired feelings to others

Rorschach inkblot test/ thematic apperception test

Dose off, theta waves

Stage 1 of Sleep

Deeper sleep, theta waves and K complexes and sleep spindles

Stage 2 of Sleep

Slow-wave sleep, delta wave

Stage 3 of Sleep

Paradoxical sleep, interspersed between cycles of NREM

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Beta (13-30Hz)

associated with awake/concentration. Increased stress, anxiety, restlessness, alert

Alpha waves (8-13Hz)

in daydreaming, during relaxation

Theta waves (7Hz)

Drowsiness, right after you fall asleep

Delta (0.5-3 Hz)

Deep sleep or coma

EEG

______ can measure brain waves

Paradoxical sleep

because is active and awake but body prevents it from doing anything

Circadian rhythms

Body’s internal 24 hr clock, controlled by melatonin

Melatonin

________ produced in pineal gland

Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams

Dreams represent our unconscious feelings/thoughts. Like an iceberg

1. What happens? Manifest content

2. What is hidden meaning? Latent content

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

Brain gets a lot of neural impulses in brain stem, which is sometimes interpreted by the frontal cortex.

Brainstem= activation

Cortex= synthesis

Cheyne-Strokes breathing

In lungs/ chest wall, hyperventilation can occur (high pCO2, low O2)