Fetal Pig-Section 1

Human Physiology

What are 2 chief characteristics of mammals?

-skin covered with hair of fur

-milk producing glands (mammary glands) in the female to nurse the young

What does a male pig have? (that female doesn’t)

Testes, penis, scrotum, and urogenital opening

What does a female pig have? (that male doesn’t)

Genital papillae and external genital opening

In what sex are the mammary papillae located on?

Both male and female pigs. But the female pigs are more developed.

The skull is composed of the blank and blank bones?

cranial and facial

Name the eight cranial bones.

-frontal

-parietal (2)

-temporal (2)

-occipital

-sphenoid

-ethmoid

How do the vertebral columns of man and pig differ?

Pig vertebral column has 51-66 bones.

Human vertebral column has 33 bones.

Identify the atlas and axis.

Atlas: 1st cervical vertebrae

Axis: 2nd cervical vertebrae

Name the 3 auditory ossicles.

-malleus

-incus

-stapes

The pelvis is composed of 3 bones. What are they?

-ilium

-ischium

-pubis

Which is the only bone of the human body which does not articulate with another bone?

-hyoid bone

Name a bone of man missing in the pig.

-clavicle

What is the paired bone of a pig called? (give both names)

-zygomatic bones

-pterygoid bones

A blunt tip, ending with a disc-like, pliable but firm structure composed of cartilage

snout

Extends from the mid-ventral abdominal surface

umbilical cord

There are two of these present in the umbilical cord.

umbilical arteries

The skin of the pig.

Periderm

Only present in the female pig near the genital region.

Genital Papillae

The nostrils of the pig

External Nares

Used in both urinary and reproductive

Urogenital Opening

There is only one of these present in the umbilical chord.

Umbilical Vein

Only present in the female pig. (genital opening)

External Genital Opening

External Ears

Pinnae

The terminal opening of the digestive tract

Anus

Only present in males

Scrotum

The nipples of the pig

Mammary Papillae

Spread the upper and lower eyes lids to see this structure.

Eyes

Located internally in the male pig in the scrotum

Testes

Located internally in the male pig near the genital region

Penis

Toward the head

Anterior (Cranial)

Toward the tail

Posterior (Caudal)

Toward the backbone

Dorsal (Superior)

Toward the side

Ventral (Inferior)

Toward the side

Lateral

Toward the midline

Medial

Lying near the point of reference

Proximal

Lying further from the point of reference

Distal

Perpendicular to the long axis of the body

Transverse (Cross Section)

A longitudinal section separating the body into right and left sides

Sagittal

A longitudinal section dividing the specimen into dorsal and ventral parts

Frontal (Coronal)

Animals that consume both plant and meat matter.

Omnivore characteristics

Lifespan

15-20 years

refers to the placenta a vital organ that exchanges nutrients between a mother and child

Placental

the bicornate organ comprised of two uterine horns, which are the primary site of fetal development

Uterus

a means of transferring nutrients from the mother to the fetus

Placenta

the period of time between the fertilization of the egg and the birth of the piglet

Gestation

It functions in the bringing of food and oxygen to the fetus and the removal of wastes

Umbilical Cord

Move on all four limbs

Quadruped

Move on two feet

Biped

Walking on tip toes

Digitigrade

Walking on heel to toe

Plantigrade

ungulates, meaning they walk on their toes, and their toes are protected by keratinized structures called hooves, which are split into two toes, or cloven hooves

Hoof characteristics

33 joints, 26 bones, and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Foot Characteristics