Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Concepts

Generalized Idea

Prototypes

Ideal model for concept

Assimilation

Uses existing schema

Accommodation

Changing Schema

Algorithms

Step by step

Heuristics

Mental Shortcuts

Representativeness Heuristic

Stereotypes

Availability Heuristic

How easy it is to bring something to mind

Mental Set

Experiences were successful

Priming

Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Framing

Presentation of information/ wording can influence

Gambler’s Fallacy

Belief that odds have increased because even hasn’t happened

Sunk-Cost Fallacy

Follow through with something that we’ve already invested heavily in, even when we shouldn’t

Executive Functions

Cognitive processes that allow us to generate, organize, plan, and cary out goal-directed

Creativity

Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Divergent Thinking

Many solutions, creative

Convergent Thinking

One solution

Functional Fixedness

Inability to see a new use for object