Lecture 2

Introduction to child psychopathology

• onset → before

• different

• change

• efficacy → involve

• adults

Treating psychopathology in youth is unique because:

• Some disorders are only diagnosed with childhood ______ → symptoms must be there ______ a certain age

• Indicators of emotional/behavioural problems may be _______

• The presentation of disorder may ______ over time

• Developmental differences may lead to difference in _______ of treatment → maybe you need to _____ parents, school?

• It’s not the youth themselves who advocate for their problem, almost always ________

1. Norm violation

2. Statistical rarity

3. Personal discomfort

4. Maladaptive behaviour

5. Deviation from an ideal

What are the 5 criteria to determine abnormal behaviours?

cultural

When looking at the norm violation criterion, we must always consider the _______ context

group, abnormality

One’s reference ______ influences the social norms and perception of _______

%

When looking at the statistical rarity criterion, we asses the ______ of people who have the disorder/behaviour

47.4

→ impairment

The lifetime prevalence of any DSM disorder by age 75 is between 12 - ____%

→ Not statistically uncommon but has significant ______

ahead

→ different

→ problems

In North America, our ideal is children being _______ on development tasks

→ It’s _______ in other cultures

→ It may be unrealistic and create more ______

1. Distress

2. Disability

3. Increased risk for further suffering or harm

Abnormal behaviour is defined as a pattern of symptoms associated with what 3 components?

benchmark

→ relation

Adaptational failure when considering disability and risk means using typical behaviour as a _______

→ To understand abnormal and maladaptive behaviour, we must view it in _______ to what is considered normal

A graph showing the timing of normal developmental tasks

What is the Denver Development Screening Test?

development

The developmental psychopathology framework stresses the importance of _________ processes and tasks

When the problems go untreated for extended periods of time

When are the impacts of maladaptive behaviours more severe?

20

About ____% of children with the most chronic and serious disorders face life-long difficulties.

access, utilization

There are racial/ethnic disparities in MH service _____ and lower levels of ______ due to unique barriers (no cultural adaptation and stigma)

Boys	Girls
Higher rates of disorders in childhood	Higher rates of disorders in adolescence
More externalizing disorders	More internalizing disorders

What are gender differences in the timing and types of disorders between girls and boys?

victimized, higher

LGBTQ+ youth are more likely to be ______ by their peers and family members and due to this discrimination and maltreatment, have ______ rates of MH problems

higher

SES disadvantage and poverty is linked with ______ rates of many disorders

SES

Racial/ethnic disparities in MH are not all attributable to ______ differences

• disruptive, psychosis

• mood, substance

Black youth are:

• More likely to be diagnosed with _______ behaviour disorders and ______

• Less likely to be diagnosed with ______ and ______ use disorders

• meaning

• expression

In different cultures:

• The _______ of behaviours varies

• The _______ of symptoms varies

physical

Racial/ethnic minority group members often report _______ symptoms when there is underlying MH problem

• Diathesis: underlying vulnerability or tendency toward disorder (biological + contextual + experience-based)

• Stress: situation or challenge that calls on resources (external + negative events)

What are the 2 components of the Diathesis-Stress Model?

susceptible

Some children are more _______ to the negative effects of a problematic environment due to diathesis

interacting

The Diathesis-Stress Model shows that we can have multiple _______ diatheses and stressors