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What are the six levels of structural organization in the human body?
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organismal.
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
Helps with body movements and maintains posture.
What is homeostasis?
The condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment due to constant interaction of regulatory processes.
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous.
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Regulates body activities by releasing hormones.
What is cell signaling
allows for cells to communicate ( responses to change and behavior)
Negative feedback
Bringing the bodies response back to normal e.g sweating
Positive feedback
Reinforce the change that is detected e.g labour
What is the primary function of the nervous system
Generates action potentials to regulate body's activities
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
What is the primary function of the respiratory system
Transfers carbon dioxide from blood and exhaled air
Fill in the blank: Gene expression is primarily regulated by ________ signals that affect the transcription process.
cell
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, typically proteins.
What does the plasma membrane consist of
Lipid belayer, carbohydrates -proteins
What is the function of the plasma membrane
Barrier control, cell ID, supportive wall, message reception
What are the 3 functions of the nucleus
Controls cellular structure
Directs cellular activities
Produces ribosomes
Type of chemical reactions
Anabolism: atoms and ions combine to form larger molecules
Catabolism: split up large molecules into smaller atoms and ions
What is simple diffusion
Substances that move more freely in the lipid belayer
What is facilitated diffusion
Integral membrane protein assisting a specific substance
Osmosis
Water moving through selectively permeable membranes
What are 3 types of endocytosis
Receptor-mediates endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Bulk-phase endocystosis
What are the basic life processes (6)
Metabolism, movement, growth,responsiveness, differentiation -reproduction
What ave the major chemical elements
Oxygen , Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
What are the key differentiating features between inorganic and organic compounds
Inorganic:lack carbon and are structural simple
Organic:they always contain carbon and often have hydrogen
What are the most important inorganic compounds in all living systems
Solvent
Chemical reactions
Lubricant
Thermal properties
Key roles of organic compounds
Carbs: provide easily used source of cellular food
Lipids:provide energy,insulation and protection
Proteins: role in growth and repair,immune function
Key components of a cell
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
What are the roles of the key organelles
Ribosomes: carry mRNA instructions & build cellular material
Lysosomes:help recycle worn-out cell structures
Endoplasmic reticulum: aids in removal of substances
Cilia and glafella: moves fluid amount cell surface
What factors influence the diffusion rate of substances across plasma membranes
steepness of the concentration gradient
Temperature
Surface area
Diffusion distance
Key differences between active and passive transport
Differences: passive transport directly uses energy to power movement, active transport this indirectly uses energy
Key characteristics of each type of tissue
Epithelial tissue: cells that are arranged in continuous sheets
Connective tissue :strengths & supports,protects transport system
Muscle tissue: produces movement + maintain posture
Nervous tissue: conduct nerve pulses + protect neurons
Note 
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