ch4 survey of corrections

boot camp

a physically rigorous, disciplined, and demanding regimen emphasizing conditioning, education, and job training that is designed for young offenders

community service

compensation for injury to society by the performance of service in the community

continuum of sanctions

a range of correctional management strategies based on the degree of intrusiveness and control over the offender, along which an offender is moved based on his or her response to correctional programs

day fine

a criminal penalty based on the amount of income that an offender earns in a day’s work

drug court

a specialized way of handling drug involved offenders in which the court takes a more active role in the probationers progress while the probationer is under supervision

home confinement

sentence whereby offenders serve terms of incarceration in their own homes

intensive supervision probation (ISP)

probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload

intermediate sanctions

a variety of punishments that are more restrictive than traditional probation but less severe and costly than incarceration

judicial reprieve

a practice under English common law whereby a judge could suspend the imposition or execution of a sentence on condition of good behavior on the part of the offender

justice reinvestment

a movement in which money saved by reducing prison population is used to build up crime prevention programs in the community

principle of interchangeability

the idea that different forms of intermediate sanctions can be calibrated to make them equivalent as punishments despite their differences in approach

probation center

residential facility where persistent probation violators are sent for short periods of time

recognizance

a formally recorded obligation to perform some act entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community, often after posting a sum of money as surety, which would be forfeited by nonappearance

reintegration model

1) a model of correctional institutions that emphasizes maintenance of the offenders’ ties to family and the community as a method of reform, in recognition of the fact that the offender will be returning to the community

2) the belief that crime is caused by poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity; dealing with crime requires that the effect of these problems be reduced

restitution

compensation for financial, physical, or emotional loss caused by an offender, in the form of either payment of money to the victim or to a public fund for crime victims, as stipulated by the court

restitution center

facility where probationers who fall behind in restitution are sent to make payments on their debt

shock incarceration

a short period of incarceration followed by a sentence reduction