Pharm Hematologic: Anemia Drugs and Drugs Modifying Coagulation - lecture 1

What does the suffix -parin mean?

heparin, enoxaparin

What does the suffix -grel mean?

clopidogrel, prasugrel, tricagrelor

What does the suffix -plase mean?

ateplase

What does the suffix -poetin mean?

epoetin alfa, darbepoetin alfa

What does treating anemia depend on?

underlying cause: due to blood loss, due to nutritional deficiencies, due to chronic disease, due to a defect in bone marrow/stem cells, due to RBC destruction

What is in the body to carry oxygen throughout the body, and is part of the RBC that carries oxygen and is needed to make hormones?

iron 

What is iron toxicity common in?

ped poisoning death

What is B vitamin that helps your body make RBC, needed in pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects?

folic acid (folate) 

What is a drug that prevents platelets from sticking together and decreases your bodi’s ability to form blood clots?

antiplatelets

What is a drug that attacks and dissolves blood clots that have already formed by activating fibtinolytic system to prevent tissue destruction?

thrombolytics

What should you do if INR is excessively elevated or minor bleeding occurs?

withhold 1 or more doses of warfarin 

What is the antidote of warfarin?

vitamin K

What is the exception for two anticoagulant orders?

bridge therapy from IV heparin/enoxaprin to PO warfarin

What is the low dose of aspirin?

81 - mg daily

What is the high dose of aspirin?

325-650 mg Q4-6

What fluid balance disorder can cause dehydration or shock and is treated with oral or IV fluids?

deficient fluid balance disorders

What fluid balance disorder can be treated with diuretics?

excess fluid balance disorders

What replaces fluids and electrolytes?

IV therapy

What IV therapy has electrolytes and is used to replace depleted fluid and promote urine output?

crystalloids 

What are the types of crystalloid therapy?

isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

What are the common components of crystalloid IV therapy?

sodium and dextrose

What are the infusion effects of crystalloid IV therapy?

inc total fluid volume, expansion of specific compartments depends on sodium concentration

What type of saline should be used for dehydrated pts and pts of low BP?

normal saline

What type of saline should be used for dehydrated pts and pts with normal BP?

hypotonic saline

What type of crystalloid expands plasma volume w/o major fluid shift and is used to treat fluid loss due to vomiting, diarrhea, or surgery but has a risk of fluid overload?

isotonic

What type of crystalloid draws water from cells and tissues into the plasma and is used to relieve cellular edema, especially cerebral edema, but has the risk of fluid overload and HTN with 3% NS?

hypertonic 

What type of crystalloid moves water from plasma to tissues and cells and is used to treat hypernatremia and cellular dehydration for those with normal BP, but has a risk of hypotension and peripheral edema?

hypotonic 

What IV therapy has IV solutions containing proteins, starches, or large molecules used as plasma expanders, to treat hypovolemic shock caused by burns, hemorrhage, or surgery?

colloids 

What is the mechanism of action of colloids?

remain in blood circulation for long time, too large to cross capillary membranes easily

What are the types of colloids?

normal serum albumin 

What are the infusion effects of colloids?

inc plasma osmolarity and osmotic pressure and draws water from cells into the plasma

What type of colloid is most frequently used colloid, used for shock states to restore plasma volume and maintain oncotic pressure but can cause risk of fluid overload?

normal serum albumin