Topic 1 - Energy

What are the 8 energy stores?

Thermal

Kinetic

Gravitational Potential

Elastic Potential

Chemical

Magnetic

Electrostatic

Nuclear

What are the 4 ways energy is transferred?

Mechanically (By a force doing work)

Electrically (Work done by moving charges)

Heating

Radiation (Light or sound waves)

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

E = ½ MV²

M = Mass

V = Speed

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

E = MGH

M = Mass

G = Gravity = 9.8

H = Height

What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

E = ½ KE²

K = Spring Constant

E = Extension

What is the formula for Specific Heat Capacity?

ΔE = MCΔθ

ΔE = Change in thermal energy

M = Mass

C = Specific Heat Capacity

Δθ = Temperature Change

What is the conservation of energy principle?

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed.

What is the formula for power?

P = E/T

P = Power

E =Energy Transferred

T = Time

What is Conduction?

The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.

What is Convection?

The process where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions.

How do radiators work?

They create convection currents.

This is where energy is transferred from the radiator to nearby particles through conduction. Then the warm air rises (as its more dense) and heats the surroundings whilst the cold air sinks and gets heated by the radiator.

What are two ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers?

Lubrication - Using lubricants to reduce frictional forces from objects rubbed together.

Insulation - Using different materials and methods to reduce heat escaping.

What is the formula for efficiency?

Efficiency = Useful Output / Total Input

What are three non-renewable energy sources?

Any fossil fuels or nuclear fuels

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

Uranium

Plutonium

What are 5 Renewable energy soruces?

Solar

Wind

Wave

Hydro-Electric

Biofuel

Tide

Geothermal