Psychopathology CH 3

Models of Psychopthology

models or paradigms

delineate basic assumptions, give order to field under study, set guidelines for the investigation, direct treatment approaches

biological model

has biological basic and medical perspective. considers mental illness to be caused by malfunctioning parts of the organism, and often involves genetics

biological treatments

drug therapy, brain stimulation, and psychosurgery

major drug groups

antianxiety, antidepressant, antibipolar, and antipsychotic drugs

barin stimulation

direct or indirect; electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation

psychosurgery

brain surgery for mental disorders

psychodynamic model

developed by Freud; behavior determined by unconscious forces, psychopathological symptoms are the result of intrapsychic conflict, and early experiences are important in shaping personality

Id

pleasure principle. ex: I want what I want and I want it now

Ego

reality principle. ex: I want something but ill be nice about it

superego

morality principle. ex: I shouldn’t want that

Freud’s developmental stages

new events and pressures require adjustment in the id, ego, and superego at each stage. if successful → personal growth. if unsuccessful → fixation at stage; oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital stages

repression

person avoids anxiety by simply not allowing painful or dangerous thoughts to become conscious

denial

person simply refuses to acknowledge the existence of an external source of anxiety

displacement

person displaces hostility away from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute

intellectualization

person represses emotional reactions in favor of overly logical responses to a problem

regression

person retreats from an upsetting conflict to an early developmental stage in which no one is expected to behave maturely or responsibly